Hu Said: Cardiology Board Review Series

• 11.12 Single Ventricle

  In this episode, we review congenital single ventricle, including physiology, surgical repair, and long-term management. What are the different types of univentricular heart defects, and how do they affect the systemic and pulmonary circulations? What are the three steps of staged surgical repair for single ventricle, and what are the indications for each? What is the difference between classic (unidirectional) Glenn surgery and bidirectional Glenn surgery? What is the difference between classic Fontan surgery, direct RA-to-PA Fontan, lateral tunnel Fontan, and extracardiac Fontan? What are the common post-repair complications, including arrhythmias, Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD), and thrombosis, and how are these complications managed? Tune in for answers to these questions. Difficulty Level: Advanced You are listening to Hu Said: Cardiology Board Review Series (2024-2025 Season) Please subscribe, rate, and support the channel! Ads help keep materials free for everyone. More MedEd resources available at ⁠www.rueyhu.com⁠ Updates at Twitter/X: ⁠@Ruey_Hu⁠

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• 11.11 Transposition of the Great Arteries and Truncus Arteriosus

  In this episode, we review transposition of the great arteries (TGA), including the physiology, imaging, repair strategies, and potential complications. What is the difference between D-TGA (complete TGA) and L-TGA (congenitally corrected TGA), and why are they named D- and L-? How does blood flow through the heart in D-TGA, and why is a shunt necessary for survival? What imaging features help identify what is serving as a right ventricle versus a left ventricle? What do the atrial switch (Mustard, Senning), arterial switch (Jatene), and Rastelli surgeries entail, and what are their complications? In what subset of D-TGA patients is the Rastelli surgery indicated? How can you distinguish truncus arteriosus from tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia on imaging? Tune in for answers to these questions. Difficulty Level: Advanced You are listening to Hu Said: Cardiology Board Review Series (2024-2025 Season) Please subscribe, rate, and support the channel! Ads help keep materials free for everyone. More MedEd resources available at ⁠www.rueyhu.com⁠ Updates at Twitter/X: ⁠@Ruey_Hu⁠

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• 11.10 Ebstein’s Anomaly, Double Right Ventricle, Tricuspid Hypoplasia, Pulmonic Hypoplasia

  In this episode, we review right side congenital abnormalities, including Ebstein’s anomaly, double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV), tricuspid hypoplasia, and pulmonic hypoplasia. Which condition is characterized by "atrialization" of the right ventricle? How does the apical displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve in Ebstein anomaly compare with what occurs in atrioventricular septal defect? What is the significance of an accessory pathway in patients with Ebstein’s anomaly? What are the indications for surgical intervention in Ebstein’s anomaly? How can tricuspid valve dysplasia be distinguished from Ebstein’s anomaly? What is the role of right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduits, and when should they be replaced? Tune in for answers to these questions. Difficulty Level: Intermediate You are listening to Hu Said: Cardiology Board Review Series (2024-2025 Season) Please subscribe, rate, and support the channel! Ads help keep materials free for everyone. More MedEd resources available at ⁠www.rueyhu.com⁠ Updates at Twitter/X: ⁠@Ruey_Hu⁠

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• 11.09 Tetralogy of Fallot

  In this episode, we review Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), including its pre-repair issues, surgical options, and post-repair complications. What are the four cardinal abnormalities seen in TOF, and how do they impact right-to-left shunting and systemic oxygenation? What are the differences between the Blalock-Taussig shunt, the Waterston or Potts shunts, and complete TOF repair? What surgical strategies are used today? When are temporizing procedures acceptable over complete repair? What are the long-term complications after TOF repair, including pulmonary regurgitation (PR), arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, and how are these managed? When is it acceptable to perform pulmonary valve replacement in post-TOF repair patients who have moderate or severe PR that is asymptomatic? Tune in for answers to these questions. Difficulty Level: Advanced You are listening to Hu Said: Cardiology Board Review Series (2024-2025 Season) Please subscribe, rate, and support the channel! Ads help keep materials free for everyone. More MedEd resources available at ⁠www.rueyhu.com⁠ Updates at Twitter/X: ⁠@Ruey_Hu⁠

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• 11.08 Coarctation of the Aorta

  In this episode, we review coarctation of the aorta (CoA), including its epidemiology, presentation, imaging, and management. Which type of VSD is commonly seen in patients with CoA? What proportion of CoA patients have bicuspid aortic valve, and what proportion of bicuspid aortic valve patients have CoA? What key physical exam findings suggest CoA, and how does it present in young patients versus adults? What pattern should you see on PW Doppler of the descending aorta and CW Doppler of the coarctation? What is considered a significant peak-to-peak gradient across a coarctation? What are the criteria for surgical or transcatheter intervention? What are the long-term complications after repair? When should you suspect re-coarctation after CoA repair? Tune in for answers to these questions. Difficulty Level: Intermediate You are listening to Hu Said: Cardiology Board Review Series (2024-2025 Season) Please subscribe, rate, and support the channel! Ads help keep materials free for everyone. More MedEd resources available at ⁠www.rueyhu.com⁠ Updates at Twitter/X: ⁠@Ruey_Hu⁠

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