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Let's Talk About CBT

Podcast Let's Talk About CBT
Dr Lucy Maddox
Let's Talk About CBT is a podcast about cognitive behavioural therapy: what it is, what it's not and how it can be useful. Listen to experts in the field and pe...

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  • Let’s Talk About…CBT for Gambling Addiction
    In this episode of Let’s Talk About CBT, Helen Macdonald speaks with James from the charity Gambling with Lives about the serious impact of gambling addiction, its links to mental health, and the role of CBT in recovery. What We Cover in This Episode: 🔹 How gambling has changed – From a backstreet niche to an industry making billions through addictive products. 🔹 Gambling addiction and mental health – How gambling harms go beyond financial loss and can lead to depression, anxiety, and even suicide. 🔹 The neuroscience of gambling – How gambling rewires the brain, making it difficult to stop. 🔹 Recognising the warning signs – What to look for in yourself or a loved one. 🔹 The role of CBT in recovery – How cognitive behavioural therapy is a key treatment approach in NHS gambling addiction services. 🔹 Breaking the stigma – Why gambling addiction is not just about personal responsibility and we need to talk about how it can harm people and the amount of gambling advertising that is out there. 🔹 Getting help – Resources for those affected, including training for healthcare professionals. Resources & Links: Find out more about Gambling with Lives: gamblingwithlives.org Visit Chapter One for training and resources: chapter-one.org NHS gambling support services: NHS gambling support If you or someone you know needs urgent help, reach out to Samaritans at 116 123 (UK) or visit samaritans.org Find our sister podcasts and all our other episodes in our podcast hub here: https://babcp.com/Podcasts Have feedback? Email us at [email protected] Follow us on Instagram & Bluesky: @BABCPpodcasts Credits: Music is Autmn Coffee by Bosnow from Uppbeat Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/bosnow/autumn-coffee License code: 3F32NRBYH67P5MIF This episode was edited by Steph Curnow Transcript: Helen: Hello, and welcome to Let's Talk About CBT, the podcast where we talk about cognitive and behavioural psychotherapies, what they are, what they can do, and what they can't.  I'm Helen Macdonald, your host. I'm the Senior Clinical Advisor for the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies   Welcome to today's episode. I'm really pleased to have James with me today. He's from an organisation called Gambling with Lives, and I will ask him first to introduce himself. Hello, James. James: Hi Helen, thank you for having me on. I'm James. I live in Stockport, originally from Norfolk, hence I haven't got a Northern accent, but I'm here today representing the charity Gambling with Lives. The charity was set up by bereaved families who'd lost loved ones to gambling related suicide and I now oversee our prevention work, which includes education, training, information, and resources. And a lot of that stems from my own lived experience of a 12-year gambling addiction, which started as a young person, and which I'm sure we'll touch on today. Helen: Thank you, James. And so I'm very aware that a charity that's been very much grounded in the experiences of bereaved families, there's going to be some difficult things to talk about here. And just to say for our listeners, there will be links to where to find help and support on the show page and as well as anything that we talk about during today's episode. So can I ask you just to tell us a little bit more about gambling? What is it? You know, how people might get themselves into trouble with it, maybe? James: Yeah, it's a big question. And the first answer that comes to my head is that gambling is not what it was. I think a lot of people have a perception of what gambling is, and that's a weekly bet at the horses or going to the bingo on a Thursday night, or the football pools. Gambling has absolutely transformed over the last 10, 20, 30 years. And it all really started from a point in 2005 when the Gambling Act was created by the Labour government at the time, which changed gambling from being this thing that was, you know, quite hidden, quite behind closed doors, wasn't promoted, was quite hard to go and do, wasn't that easy or available or accessible, and that Gambling Act changed that completely and allowed for relentless advertising, sponsorship, marketing, and allowed for bookmakers in the high street to have really addictive electronic machines in their premises. And they were things like the fixed odds betting terminals, which were roulette machines, which at the time were called the crack cocaine of gambling because they were that addictive. And that was not what gambling was. I remember when I was a child, in our town, I'm from a quite a sleepy, small town in Norfolk. And the bookies in our town used to be this like really dingy, horrible place to be honest behind in a back alley that I used to walk past it and think I'm never going in there, that is a place not for me. It's for old men, smoke coming out the doors, did not have any interest in that. But then when I was 16, which was a couple of years after this Gambling Act, it changed into a massive Ladbrokes in the middle of the high street, you could see through there, you could see the machines and you could see all the advertised on the outside of the windows. And that's what's happened to gambling. And the impact on society is huge. We now know that 2. 5 percent of the adult population are experiencing so called “problem gambling”. And just to note on that terminology, it's not a term that we like to use, but this is what the statistics say. And we don't like to use it because we don't like to put the problem with the person. There are many reasons why people experience gambling harms, which is what I'll come on to later. But that figure alone. So that's the very sharp end of gambling harms, but then you've got many more impacted by somebody else's gambling. You've got widespread harms happening to young people. So, a really important point here is that these harms aren't just financial. Again, I think there's a perception that gambling addiction is a financial problem, and the harm is felt through debt and long-term financial worries. Actually, this is a mental health condition. This is a diagnosable mental health condition. Gambling disorder is in the DSM manual since 2013, and it's a mental health harm first and foremost. And that then causes anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts as well, which again, we'll come on to based on the work we do at Gambling with Lives. Helen: Thank you, James. So, what I've just heard you describe there, that it's gone from being a bit of a backstreet, rather unattractive niche thing, to being sort of very attractive and perhaps more widely, I don't know, more people participate in it. And you mentioned gambling machines and I'm also aware that people can gamble on the internet as well. They don't have to go out to do it necessarily. And I'm also aware that you used words like addiction, which most people would associate with substances, perhaps alcohol or drugs or something. And I wonder if you could say a bit more about, perhaps the difference between what I might have thought of as a harmless flutter and something that's harmful. James: Yeah, another good question and potentially asking the wrong person because I, obviously I experienced a gambling addiction myself, but I'll try to answer based on my own experiences. And on your first point, actually, probably the thing I forgot to say, which is most important is that the biggest change for gambling is, as you say, the fact that all of these products that are now available on our phones, in our pocket. At the time when the legislation was written, there was concerns about super casinos in places like Blackpool and on the coastal towns of England. And actually what's happened is we all now have a super casino, but it's in our pocket and anyone can access it over the age of 18. There's very little safeguards and protections on there. And that's where the harm is felt most on online gambling. And that's sort of the answer to the second question as well is that gambling is not just one product, and some products are more harmful, risky and addictive than others. And that's not to say you cannot be harmed by, as an example, buying a lottery ticket. Because if you've only got 5 pounds to last you for food that week and you spend 5 pounds on a lottery ticket, you are experiencing gambling harms. But evidence shows and experiences from people who have been there and been harmed are that the quickest, more attractive, the things that are designed to be addictive products like online slot games, online casino games, online bingo as well. These are the things that are really causing the harm and causing addiction. And the difference is the indication someone is experiencing gambling harm is how often someone is spending on those products and how much money someone is spending on those products and how quick all of those things are, those products. That's why people can get harmed quite quickly. Back in the day, again, you used to have to go somewhere to place a bet on, and you maybe did that once, twice a week. Now, because of how quickly you can do that, that creation of addiction is so much quicker and instant, and it can happen really quickly. I can give you examples of times where I spent five, six, seven hours just in bed spinning online roulette tables on online casinos. And that time I, it didn't feel like five, six, seven hours. It felt like I was just trapped in this zone. And that's because it's deliberately designed that way. So what happens is, and this is very medical and I'm not a scientist or a medical person, but this is a physiological change in the brain. So when you play these really fast paced products, these intense products like slots, like casino games, your pathways in your brain are rewired and it becomes a dopamine driven urge to do this thing again and again. And what's really worrying and something for your listeners to look out for, is if this happens to a young person before the age of 25, where their brain isn't fully developed and if they experience a big win and they get an explosion of dopamine in the brain from that win, that can be a real big indicator that they're going to experience gambling harm and even gambling addiction. So I would say that and the other thing that I would just say to answer the question is, there is no national guidance on a safe level of gambling. So I'm hesitant to say what that is, but there are clearly signs, indications, symptoms that someone may be experiencing gambling harm, such as feeling the need to check devices a lot, not being motivated by relationships or by career, lying about how much time and money is being spent gambling, and then of course, feeling suicidal or feeling like the world would be better off without you. There are some, but there are an exhaustive list of, of indications someone might be experiencing harm. Helen: I mean, this sounds really worrying, James. You've said probably around two and a half percent of the population may be experiencing gambling harms, and that doesn't count the people around the person who may be affected by their changes in how they interact, as well as things like, I don't know, would have an impact on household finances, for example, or occupation, things like that. And yet what we see in the media seems to be more about how to place bets and how to gamble rather than what the potential risks might be. James: Yeah, there's very little public health messaging about the risks of gambling. From my own experiences, if I take you through the journey of my life, really, as a child, not at any point was I taught or warned about the risks of gambling. You know, I was warned about drugs, warned about wearing a seatbelt, warned about sexual predators, was never ever told that gambling came with a risk to my mental health. And then when I started to gamble at the ages of like 18 to 25, there was no preventative health messaging, through campaigns or through advertising that told you that this is a risk to your mental health that you're probably likely to lose your money but there is places to go for help and support. That didn't exist. All we got, my generation, were messages like, When the fun stops, stop. Which was a ludicrous message but was the main one for years and years which just, you know, really put the onus of responsibility on an individual to use addictive products responsibly, which of course is a contradiction in terms. And even now there has been some progress, but there isn't messaging out there on the whole that really says the things that I've just said. Not many people know that this is a thing that impacts the pathways in the brain. Not many people know that this is an industry that makes 14 billion pounds every year and it makes most of that money from the most addictive products and from the people that are experiencing harm. And most people don't know where to go for help, support or treatment. We do a lot of prevention work and every time we're in a room with young people or with professionals, we ask them at the start of the session, do you know where to go if you're worried about someone you know because of gambling harms? And it's between like 80 and 90 percent of respondents to that question is a no, and that is really worrying. So it's not just that people aren't being warned, people aren't being protected from this either. And so there is a hell of a lot to do to ensure people don't experience harm in the first place. But if they do, they are, they're cared for. Helen: Thank you, James. And I'll want to come back to talking more about that as well. I mean, I think, one of the things standing here as a cognitive behavioural psychotherapist, I was really curious about what you were saying about how addictive these products are, about the dopamine rush that people experience, and actually physiological changes in the pathways of the brain which we know happen if you do something repeatedly, and gambling is one of those situations. And I remember very early in my learning about gambling, from a cognitive and behavioural point of view, one of the things that we talk about is the power of rewards. And you mentioned a big win, which may happen sometimes, even though, as you pointed out, overall, people would tend to lose money almost certainly if they gamble regularly. But the idea is that if you get a reward in an unpredictable way, especially if it's a really good one, we're much more likely to carry on doing that behaviour. The technical term for that would be intermittent reinforcement and when I'm talking about how CBT works, gambling is an example that I use because of that every now and again, you'll win something but what it does is it tends to keep going. Is that a reasonable understanding of, you know, how it's so addictive- are the things that I'm missing? James: No, that's a much better explanation than I would give. I think it's true and the gamble industry knows that. It employs some of the best psychologists in the world to design these products because they know what makes brains tick and what makes people coming back to the products. And, you know, in my experiences, I used to know that on the whole, I would lose money. And I used to know that on the whole, it didn't matter how many times I tried to stop that I couldn't and yet I couldn't stop myself going back to using these products and I didn't understand why. And it's only coming into recovery and doing the work that I do now and being taught this and being told this and finding out myself what actually happened to my brain, that gave me agency to realise that I was being tricked, I was being conned by gambling companies. It's all an illusion, these products are designed to fool you, designed to think that you have an illusion of control. They're designed to make you think that you've got a chance of winning in the long run, but the truth is the algorithm is against you and the house always wins. And again, going back to messaging that people need to hear, I think to be more hopeful and positive. That kind of messaging can be absolutely crucial to unlocking something in people's brains and giving them that freedom and agency and license to not just rewire their brain for good reasons, but to rebuild their life. And I, you know, I have a little mantra now that because of this knowledge that I have and because I know how the products are designed and I know how the industry operates, and I know the psychological tricks they used on me, they truly do not deserve another penny of my money or another second of my time. And that is such a big motivating factor for my recovery, and it keeps me going and I'm adamant until the day I die, I will not give them any of those things. Helen: And I just want to check with you, when you're talking about these things, I'm thinking there might be listeners out there who perhaps every now and again enjoy a day out at the races with their friends, or perhaps when there's a big football match or something like that, that they want to put a bit of a bet on. Is that the same kind of risk for certain people or, you know, if somebody was vulnerable, would that lead to harm in the same way as the internet and the machines in the betting shop? James: Yeah, again, I think all forms of gambling do carry a risk and some are more risky than others, and we're much I am genuinely and our charity is to not anti-gambling, we don't want to stop people recreationally gambling or go into events like that where gambling may be involved. But I would urge caution in that so often people's experiences of gambling harm and gambling addiction do start with what is perceived to be the more harmless or innocent forms of gambling, such as a bet on sports or a night at the bingo. And that's what happened with me. My first ever bet was a five pound football bet on a football match in a bookmakers. And you know, that, that led to years of devastation. And what the industry does is it spends lots of money on getting to these audiences in these sorts of venues, in these sorts of environments and in these sorts of sports to, to lure young people especially into then the more addictive forms of gambling, because that's where the profit is. Yes, they do make profit from football betting and from horse racing, of course, but most of their money now, most of their profit comes from the quicker, more addictive products. And that's the business model, to get people through one avenue to the next. And of course, that's not to say that everybody that goes to the horse racing or put bets on the football will become addicted. But the truth is, again, is that the industry wants people to spend lots of money on their sites. That's their business model. And the longer you are on those sites, and the more money you are spending, of course, the more profit they are guaranteeing in the long run. So again, it's just being aware of how quickly this can happen and being aware of the ways the industry targets people. Helen: And I mean, you've said, you know, just how quickly this can have an impact on people, how much it can suck you in to spending a lot of time and all the money and so on. How would somebody get from being in that position, and this is probably quite difficult to speak about, but where people are actually dying by suicide in relation to having gambling difficulties, how does it get to that situation? James: Yeah. And I can answer from my own experiences partly, but I can also answer from the facts from the position of our beneficiaries, which are families who have lost loved ones to gambling related suicide. And I'll just start by saying that for those families, and I didn't meet the people that died, but I've met their families, and they all say the same thing, that these were just every day, normal, bright, happy, young people with their life ahead of them with no real vulnerabilities, no preexisting conditions, good upbringings, and gambling was the thing that changed them, that robbed them of their future. And I can really resonate with that.  When I first came across the charity and I listened to the mums talk about their sons that had died. I did honestly think that could have been my mum quite easily. And that is because I feel like I know what it was like to get to that point. And what it is, it's not about losing substantial amounts of money. And of course, when that does happen, it can feel absolutely catastrophic. But what it is that sense of never being free of this. And, you know, I used to think I would always be addicted to gambling. I genuinely remember thinking I would spend my life addicted to gambling. This was just the, who I was, just the way I was. And that was such a horrible mindset to be in because it made me very pessimistic, nihilistic, didn't really care about myself, didn't care about my well-being, didn't do anything for myself, didn't look after myself, and because I had no control over what I was doing, that feeling of not being in control of your actions, you sort of think, well if I'm not in control of myself, what is the point? Because agency and control and freedom is sort of all we have and they're the fundamentals of how we live so to be robbed of those things, I can see so easily why people get to that point and think I'll never be free of this and I have lost all control over my life and there is no hope. And there is now, thanks to the work of bereaved families, there is now national recognition that gambling can be the dominant factor in a suicide, without which the suicide would not have occurred. And, sadly, it's somewhere between 117 to 496 people every year in England alone take their life because of gambling. And, you know, we're there to support the families who come to us and thank God we are. But this is something that is happening far too often, and we're getting far too many families who need us. And again, where is the message that by engaging with these products, there can be a serious risk to your life. And it's, you know, it's not a drastic thing to say that gambling can kill. And the point of disclosure, the point of, sometimes what's referred to as rock bottom, but the point of when someone says, I can't do this anymore, I can't be like this anymore. That is where the suicide risk is greatest. And so, we as professionals, as people that come into contact with people experiencing harm, always have to be mindful of the suicide risk and do everything we can to use the right language to, to support someone as adequately as we can. Because a common feature and experience of those that are no longer with us was that they try to access services. They try to stop, they try to have the conversation with people, but there wasn't that understanding about how serious this is. I think going back to my first answer on today was people thought that this is just gambling. It's just betting. It's just, you know, he just can't stop a few bets at the weekend. This is not, this is a serious health issue that drives people to that, that moment. Helen: And that's absolutely shocking statistics there, James, talking about the sheer number of people that are being lost to suicide, related to gambling and you're spending time with the families of people who've already gone. You said that you haven't met those people. You've met the people who've been affected by their loss. And you described what I would think of symptoms that sound very much like depression. You know, that sense of hopelessness, I'm never going to get any control over my life. I've tried everything and I've run out of ideas and all of those things. If somebody came to me and described that and didn't say that they were betting, I would think this person was really quite depressed. And you also said you weren't looking after yourself and your relationships weren't going well. And again, those would be things where I would expect a healthcare professional to be concerned about someone's mental health and think about depression. Is there anything that people like me, healthcare professionals, should really take care to check to know whether there's a gambling element to how someone's feeling? James: Yeah, and it's interesting you mentioned depression because I think it's one of the most common harms felt from gambling. And I, again, from my own experiences, I used to think when I was addicted to gambling that I was just a depressed person who gambled. Having now been nearly seven years in recovery, I realise that I was a person who gambled and that caused depression and those feelings, because I wasn't like that before gambling and I haven't been like that after gambling. So it's something about gambling specifically, I think that makes people feel depressed. And similarly, with anxiety as well. And in terms of what healthcare professionals can do, a real basic ask from us would be just to ask the question, and that is something that's not traditionally happened, but this is a new and emerging field so there's no judgment at all on any healthcare professional. But begin to ask the question and you can ask it in an empathetic way. You can ask it in an unjudgmental way, and it could just be as simple as, are you worried about your gambling or someone, you know, if you're worried about an affected other, and that could unlock something. It might be the first time someone's been asked that question. And if the answer is yes, then it's really absolutely crucial to determine what type of gambling they are gambling on, because as we know, if it's a weekly bet at the football or if it's some of the less harmful products like buying a lottery ticket or taking part in the, you know, the village fate raffle, we can probably assume there is a less risk of addiction and all the harms that I've talked about. But if they say, I've just been using an online roulette machine for four hours. Okay, alarm bells would need to be start ringing because we know how powerful those products are and the impact that has on the brain. It would then be to determine how often they're gambling, how long they're spending when they gamble, and asking them about their support networks around them. And I kind of feel like here, I need to give a bit of a shameless plug to the work we do through Chapter One, is that there's no expectation for healthcare professionals that are listening to this to be experts in gambling because there hasn't been adequate information and training, but our program through chapter One is there for you. We are here to help. We are here to train you to be able to have these conversations, to have the information and the knowledge that you need. So if someone says, I can't stop gambling, it's not that you just know what to say next, but you know, why that person is experiencing that and what we can do to help them, stop and rebuild their life. Helen: And I probably want to ask you a bit more about that, James, if I can come back to that. I think it's really important for our listeners in general, particularly the ones who are healthcare professionals, but also everybody out there to understand more about that. And I wonder, on the way to that, whether we could talk a little bit. You said that one of the things that you've done is talk to people working in NHS gambling services, and particularly people who do CBT. Can you tell us a bit about what it's like to talk to people doing CBT when it comes to gambling and gambling harms? James: Sure. So, I didn't get any treatment or any support other than the self-exclusion tools that you can put on yourself and just support from my mum and from family and close friends. And that was because when I stopped gambling in 2018, I think there was just one specialist gambling addiction clinic in the country, possibly two. But not one that was local to me and not one that was accessible to me. I'm now pleased to say that there are 15 specialist clinics across the country that cover every single area of England. Same cannot be said for Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland, unfortunately yet. But there is wider support out there, other than the NHS services. Having met with all but one of these NHS clinics now, they all take a nearly identical approach and that is CBT first and foremost for someone that's experiencing gambling harm. And I've spoke to the clinicians at these organisations extensively and we've worked with them to learn how best to tailor our materials and to work together. And honestly, I'm not just saying this, I leave those conversations feeling like these are truly people who understand what happened to me, what happened to my brain and have the answers to rewire it and to change the behaviour for the better. And I left feeling like I would send anybody I knew that's experiencing gambling harms into their service tomorrow, because they would be in the safest possible hands and that's kind of what we're doing with our work now is we want to be that support and treatment pathway into these services because we know how effective CBT is. We think, and I say that because I'm not actually sure on the best international evidence, but we think this is the best form of treatment for people experiencing gambling harms. And this is what these services offer. So our job is to get many more people into those services because currently only one in 200 people who may benefit from treatment for gambling harms are accessing it. So there is clearly a massive gap and a massive job to do to get more people into those services. Helen: Again, you're giving us some fairly shocking statistics there about the sheer number of people with the difficulties, the people who are losing their lives and the families affected by it, and the number of people who are accessing help. And I'm just thinking about the work that you do in Chapter 1. Did you say that training is one of the key things that you offer? James: Yeah, so Chapter One provides information and support for everyone affected by gambling, including training for professionals. So, it's designed to give information to everybody about the causes and effects of gambling harms and how to support someone if you're worried. But a big focus of the work has been helping professionals perform very brief interventions and also helping them understand where specialist support and treatment is. And we have a training program for frontline professionals, which has been rolled out across Greater Manchester, in Yorkshire, and in Nottingham to really good results. And we're about to have an e-learning platform as well, which professionals will be able to access towards the end of 2025. And we just hope that it makes it easier because we are totally aware of how time pressured people are, how stretched people are, the fact that, you know, health professionals have to be experts in lots and lots of different fields and we want to lighten the load on that and make it easier for people because we know this stuff, we know gambling, everything has been informed by lived experience and by gambling addiction clinicians and those messages, that information, those resources are all accessible, on the Chapter One website, which is chapter-one.org. And there's actually a dedicated professionals hub on the website as well, where it's got additional resources, stuff that you can print off and start using tomorrow to put up into the places where you work, takeaway resources, posters, flyers, and that will be a really good starting point. But I would highly recommend trying to book on to some training to learn more about what we do and how you can help. Helen: Sounds like a fantastic resource and we'll make sure we put that link on our show page so that everybody can follow that up and have a look. Thank you. So, I mean, it sounds like you've done a huge amount of excellent work, and you've also said there's probably a lot to do. How do you see the future? I mean, what do you want to see, you know, in, in the next few years? What would you want to see happen? James: Yeah, well, I kind of have a vision of how to prevent gambling harm and to save people dying because of gambling related suicide. And it's a number of things and you have to bear with me here, but I think it has to start with better legislation of gambling laws to make gambling much safer in the first place and better regulation of those laws by the regulator, so the industry is accountable and those laws are enforceable. But beyond that, look, I think every young person, in every school should have a curriculum mandated lesson on the risks of gambling. And that lesson has to talk about the risks to mental health and the addictive nature of gambling and the industry business model and the practices they use to draw us all in. I think that everybody in the public deserves public health information and messaging about why this happens to people and how best to support someone if you're worried. I think that every professional should have access to training. I think that every professional who works with children and young people should be empowered to have resources to deliver preventative education to the young people they work with. And I think there should be much, much better joined up services so there's no wrong door for people experiencing gambling harms. If someone comes to a service and says, I'm worried about gambling or I can't stop gambling. Everybody should know at the very least where to point that person in the right direction. It’s no good fobbing people off with generic mental health support advice. This is a unique and diagnosable mental health condition that deserves recognition for that reason alone. And everybody should know that there are now specialist NHS clinics that can provide support. So that's the vision. And I don't think we're a million miles away from that happening. The political context is that we're about to get a statutory levy on the gambling industry, which will be roughly 1 percent of their profits that will be given to independent prevention, research and treatment. So that is a really positive step, and it will ensure that there is more treatment, better access to treatment. The truth is again, on the prevention side of things, probably 30 million pounds of that will be spent on prevention activities. But if we think about how much money the gambling industry spends on advertising which is 1. 5 billion pounds every year. Well, we're using a 30-million-pound budget to try and compete with 1.5 billion pounds of advertising, telling everybody that gambling is safe, harmless fun. So there's, the balance is still not there. So I would advocate for more investment in prevention and all the things that I said to make sure people know about the risks and how to get help much earlier. Helen: Thank you. And I really would say hearing what you're saying about the extent of the difficulty, and that people are starting to talk about it more. you have the ear of the government, perhaps in a way that hasn't been the case in the past and things are perhaps moving in the right direction. And it really comes across how passionate you are about making a difference here. One of the things that I did wonder about, going back to one of the things that you said right at the beginning about this sort of dirty backstreet betting shop thing and, how the presentation of it all has changed and it's kind of shiny and attractive. I still wonder though if there's anybody listening out there who's thinking about, well, maybe this is something that is affecting me, but feeling embarrassed or ashamed or hasn't got a social support network that would hear them if they said I've got a difficulty. Have you got anything that you'd say to them? James: Yeah, I would say, try to self-reflect on gambling and your relationship with it. So ask yourself, what is gambling costing me, not just financially, but including the money, but time. What is potentially gambling benefiting me and literally write those things out. And I can almost guarantee that the list of things that will be costing you will be greater than the things that you are getting benefit from. I would encourage you to really question whether you can engage with sport without having to put a bet on. That was a huge point for me is that the idea of watching sport, especially football, without putting money on it used to be an awful feeling. I couldn't bear it. And so ask yourself that. Has that become such a part of your routine that you always put a bet on when you watch the football? Do you find yourself gambling when you intended not to, how many days do you honestly think you can go without gambling? Ask yourselves those questions as a starting point. And I'm not going to tell you the answers to those because I don't think it's our job to, to tell people that I think self-reflection is really important. And that's, you know, that's something that I did for my recovery was write down all the things that gambling had done to me. And every time that I felt, oh actually, maybe a bet on the football this weekend might be fine. Cause I'm over it now. I literally got that list out on paper and would go through it and go, oh yeah, I remember now this is what it costs me. This is what it did to me. And I'm not going to go into that. And the other thing that I'll say as well is it try and give yourself as much information about gambling as possible. So again, look at Chapter One, go on the website and look at the information on there about how gambling products are designed, what the industry business model does, the whole myth of safe and responsible gambling initiatives, that kind of information might make you see gambling in a different light. And I'll give you one personal anecdote actually recently that has helped me, is that I've started to look into and read about ultra processed food. And it's really opened my eyes about the tactics and the mechanics and the playbook of the junk food, fast food industry. And it's really put me off it. It's made me think, actually, I don't want to eat this stuff because I now know what's in it. I now know how the industry operates and lobbies similar to what happened with me with gambling. So I'm always a big advocate for information. Giving people information is absolutely key. So go find it. Helen: It sounds as if, there's anything from just asking yourself some questions and educating yourself, just checking who's benefiting here, all of those kind of questions, but also places that you could go to learn more and places you can find help. And it sounds for you as if that comes in the context of a more generally healthy lifestyle as well, that you live these days. James: Yeah, if you ask my wife, she may disagree, but I still eat unhealthy food. I still have a drink. I'm no angel, but I am now much more aware of how a whole range of industries actually, do everything they can to keep us as customers, especially the gambling industry, but, you know, I feel like we're all quite attached to our phones and to social media. And that's really difficult and it's deliberate. And that's the thing that really gets me is the deliberate nature of all this and going back to gambling, that is, you know, there is a deliberate side of this. It's to generate profit at the expense of widespread social harm. And that's the thing that, you know, you mentioned passion. That's the thing that gives me the passion to know that I can counter that information by going to tell people the truth and my personal experiences are what keeps me going, drives me on, but also knowing that I have the opportunity to tell people that and tell people the truth, yeah, is good for me and I'm hoping it will be good for many others. Helen: Thank you. So if you had one key message out of all of those things that we've been talking about today, where you want people out there to know, especially if they've got a worry about a loved one or a worry about themselves. What's the one key thing that you really want people to remember from our conversation today? James: The first thing that came to my mind, it's really difficult because there's lots of things I'd like to say, but I'll stick with the one. And the first thing that came to my mind is, please don't think this is all your own fault, and please don't think it's all the fault of the person that you care about or you love. And that's really difficult, especially for that latter category of people because you may be experiencing harms and none of this is definitely your fault because you've not even gambled, and you may be experiencing harms through a loved one. But there is a reason this happens. Nobody wants to be addicted to gambling. Nobody wants to experience gambling harms. And of course, yes, people do have agency, and people are responsible for their recovery and for seeking help and for staying recovered and abstinent. But from my perspective, I will never take responsibility for being given an addiction at 16 years old and never, ever take responsibility for throughout 12 years of addiction, never being asked by a gambling company if I was okay, or if I could afford to lose the money that I was losing. And so, to summarise, try to remove this blame that people feel because that is another reason why people get to that point of feeling that they've let everybody down and it's all their own fault. So challenging that narrative is absolutely fundamental for us and for me. Helen: Thank you, James. And I just want to check whether there's anything that you would want to ask me or anything else that you'd like to say before we finish today. James: I just like to say thank you for the opportunity to speak to anyone that's listening and thank you for dedicating time to this topic. I know it's not a topic that is always high up the agenda, until it needs to be. And that's the sad truth that gambling harms are often identified way too late, or at crisis point, or at death. And hopefully, by just spending a bit of time listening to this and looking up Chapter One, you may avoid those situations. So just to thank you for me. And if anyone wants any more information on these, anything from me, you can get in touch with me through, my email address, which is, [email protected] Helen: Thank you so much, James. Thank you. James: Thanks. Helen: Thanks for listening to another episode and for being part of our Let's Talk About CBT community. There are useful links related to every podcast in the show notes. If you have any questions or suggestions of what you'd like to hear about in future Let's Talk About CBT podcasts, we'd love to hear from you. Please email the Let's Talk About CBT team at [email protected], that's [email protected]. You can also follow us on X and Instagram at BABCP Podcasts. Please rate, review, and subscribe to the podcast by clicking subscribe wherever you get your podcasts, so that each new episode is automatically delivered to your library and do please share the podcast with your friends, colleagues, neighbours, and anyone else who might be interested. If you've enjoyed listening to this podcast, you might find our sister podcasts Let's talk about CBT- Practice Matters and Let's Talk about CBT- Research Matters well worth a listen.  
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  • Let's talk about…how CBT can help manage living with long term health conditions and trauma
    In this episode, Helen talks with Lizzie, a beauty content creator and disability advocate, and Bex, a CBT therapist, about Lizzie’s journey navigating living with long term health conditions, trauma and the transformative impact of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Lizzie shares her experiences living with Crohn's disease, POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome), and hypermobility spectrum disorder, alongside the emotional challenges of managing these conditions. She discusses her initial scepticism about therapy and how CBT helped her address anxiety, PTSD, and prioritising her own well-being. Bex offers insights into the therapeutic process, addressing common misconceptions about CBT, and highlights the importance of building trust and tailoring therapy to individual needs. Together, they discuss the interaction between physical and mental health and strategies for balancing driven lifestyles with well-being. Useful links: Explore Lizzie’s content on Instagram and TikTok (@slaywithsparkle). Listen to our sister podcasts: Let’s Talk About CBT - Practice Matters and Let’s Talk About CBT - Research Matters: https://babcp.com/Podcasts Find us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/babcppodcasts/ Learn more about CBT www.babcp.com Credits: Music is Autmn Coffee by Bosnow from Uppbeat Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/bosnow/autumn-coffee License code: 3F32NRBYH67P5MIF This episode was edited by Steph Curnow Transcript: Helen: Hello, and welcome to Let's Talk About CBT, the podcast where we talk about cognitive and behavioural psychotherapies, what they are, what they can do, and what they can't.  I'm Helen Macdonald, your host. I'm the Senior Clinical Advisor for the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies   What we've got for you today is a conversation with Lizzie and Bex. Lizzie's going to talk about her experiences of having CBT and living with a number of conditions that she'll tell us more about in the episode. We're going to talk to Bex, who is a CBT therapist, and she's going to talk with us about working with Lizzie as well. Welcome to you both. Lizzie, would you like to introduce yourself? Lizzie: Hello! Thank you so much for having me. So as Helen's just said, my name is Lizzie. I am also a beauty content creator known as @slaywithsparkle on Instagram and TikTok and a little bit of YouTube and I'm also a speaker that talks about disability awareness. And I try and raise awareness about the health conditions I've got and general sort of disability awareness and activism about that. Helen: Thank you Lizzie, and welcome. Thank you for coming to talk to us today. And Bex, would you like to tell our listeners about you? Bex: Hi. Yes, I'm Bex. I'm a CBT therapist and worked with Lizzie a little time ago, when I worked in a physical health service for IAPT at the time. And I currently work more with trauma in Sheffield both in the NHS and privately. Helen Thank you, Bex. And maybe I should just say, when you said IAPT, we're now talking about NHS Talking Therapies. Bex: That's right. Yes. Thank you for providing the update. Helen: So Lizzie, can I ask you a bit about what was happening for you? What was going on that meant you ended up having CBT? Lizzie: So for me, I really had quite a negative opinion about any sort of talking therapy and had very much been brought up with the idea that if you have some sort of mental health problem, you should be able to solve it yourself. And if you just think positively and carry on, then everything should be fine. Because of my health conditions, so I will just mention just briefly so people are aware what my health conditions are just for context. So I have, Crohn's disease, which I was diagnosed with when I was 21 and then later about 9- 10 years later, I was diagnosed with hypermobile spectrum disorder and also POTS, which is a condition that affects my blood pressure and heart rate. And when I had a first flare of Crohn's disease. I'd obviously had it a long time without realising, but when I first flared with Crohn's disease, I really struggled with the concept of having a physical health condition that I couldn't push through. So with my Crohn's, I ended up ignoring a lot of the doctor's advice because I had this idea that I should be able to cure myself. I really pushed myself to look at alternative therapies. And then, because of that, I ended up ignoring what the doctor said and becoming a lot more ill. Unfortunately, because of a combination of the Crohn's having been misdiagnosed for a long time as IBS, and then because of all of those sorts of ideas about that I should be able to cure myself, my Crohn's did get so bad that I ended up having to go to hospital and have emergency surgery on my bowel. Years later, so about two or three years later, I started having real panic attacks, which I'd never had before. I was anxious all the time and I couldn't sleep. I would sometimes wake up in the middle of the night at like 4am and get the urge to clean the entire house and was sometimes just up in the middle of the night pacing up and down. And my partner at the time said to me, you know, this is not normal. Something's going on. You really need to think about getting some help for this. And I was devastated at that concept because I obviously had this idea that I should be able to fix myself. And so that was the sort of wakeup call that I had to go and get some help and I applied to IAPT at the time and had my first round of CBT. Since then I've had three rounds of CBT and a course of EMDR as well but yeah, that was the first thing that sort of led me to CBT. Helen: Thank you, Lizzie. And it just strikes me what a difficult combination of things you experienced that not only were you having a number of quite complicated and long-lasting physical symptoms, also the experiences you'd had when you were younger meant that it was really difficult to seek help for the panic attacks and the anxiety and so on. Can I ask you just to say, in case anybody's not familiar with the terms, can you just say a little bit about what the symptoms of Crohn's disease are? Lizzie: Yes, absolutely. So Crohn's disease is different for everybody. For me, I really struggled with pain and one of the biggest symptoms that I had was pain. I also struggle with diarrhoea. It's not the most glamorous disease. It's quite embarrassing sometimes. Some people have a lot of nausea and vomiting. For me, that's not been as much of a problem. To me, the biggest problem has been pain. And it got so bad that when I was actually in my final year of university, I'd been told by the doctors repeatedly that it was IBS, and it was just stress related IBS and I just needed to make sure I watch what I eat, tried to up my fibre, which made me a lot more ill. And eventually it got to the point where I literally couldn't even drink water because my oesophagus was closing up. I was in absolute agony and I finally went back to the doctor and I was like, really, honestly, there's something seriously wrong here and then they finally sent me for the right tests and they found the Crohn's disease. The other big symptom with Crohn's disease as well is fatigue. So, most people actually say that fatigue is the most debilitating symptom of Crohn's disease. And for me, I mean, at the moment I am in a flare and I am sleeping 14 hours. And if I don't get that 14 hours, I cannot function and I need a full day in bed to recover. Helen: And again, you've said about some of the symptoms being a little bit similar to IBS or Irritable Bowel Syndrome but having a really far reaching impact on every area of your life, really. You also mentioned that you had POTS, which can affect your blood pressure. And if I have this right, it's Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome? Lizzie: Yeah, so it affects your, for me, it affects my blood pressure. Not everybody has problems with their blood pressure all the time. But what happens is your heart isn't getting the right signals. And so you end up having a really high heart rate when you stood up and then that can lead to you passing out. It also leads to symptoms again, like nausea, fatigue and for me, it just feels horrible. Like, it's just that feeling of like sometimes the world's sort of closing in on you and when you're about to go you just feel really sick, really like something's pulling you to the floor. It's a very frustrating condition. I think out of all of them, Crohn's is the most dangerous and that one is the one that when that's flaring, I'm always a little bit nervous because mine is quite severe, but POTS is definitely the one that is the most infuriating. I've had to lie down in the middle of shops. I once had to lie on the floor in the middle of Poundland because I was passing out and honestly, it's just mortifying. It's really embarrassing. Helen: And I'm noticing there as well, Lizzie, that you've just said that the Crohn's disease because of the symptoms of diarrhoea and you know that can be embarrassing. We all know that the impact of eating a lot of fibre, which you were advised to do can be, can lead to embarrassing symptoms and then the POTS as well, that having to lie down somewhere public, more embarrassment. And in addition to that, you also said that you have hypermobility syndrome. And again, can you just say a little bit about what that's like? Lizzie: Yes, so for me, I have a late diagnosis of hypermobile spectrum disorder. There are a couple of things that are related, so similar, sorry. So there's hypermobile EDS and then there's also hypermobile spectrum disorder and they're very similar conditions. But the one that I have is hypermobile spectrum disorder and with that, it just basically means that my joints are too floppy. They extend past the natural point where they should extend because my collagen is built in a way that means it can stretch further than it should. So it was okay when I was younger. I used to be able to just do amazing, you know, bend my back really far back and look very bendy. And then as I got older, as the rest of my connective tissue ended up getting looser, as it naturally does when you get older, my joint started to get worse. I got more and more joint pain. I'd had joint pain my whole life, but it became a lot more severe. And it's now got to the point where I am not able to walk any distance with, any significant distance without a walking stick. And in order to go around, say, for example, like a supermarket, I need a wheelchair. Helen: Thank you for explaining all that, Lizzie. Again, I'm listening to you and I'm hearing lots of things that could make it also really hard to manage your mental health. And I want to come back to you and talk to you a bit more about what it was like having the CBT. Before we do that, can I just ask Bex what it was like for her when she first met you? Because we've heard a bit about your background and maybe what you were thinking before you first went to see her. So, Bex, what was it like meeting Lizzie for the first time? Bex: So, you can't see Lizzie but Lizzie is a lovely, warm person. So that was obvious from the start and I guess I was, with any physical health problem, the thing we're trying to do at the start is to understand what someone's experiencing and making space for someone to kind of tell their story a little bit about what they've experienced and what they're finding difficult so that we can kind of map that out and work out how we could potentially help too by working on this together. I think when I first met Lizzie, we fumbled a little bit at that process. I don't know if you want to say a little bit more about that, Lizzie, and I think, you know, I was trying to explain how pain and mental health might interact, and I might've done that a bit clumsily. Lizzie: I think, to be honest, I went in with this real prejudice, I guess, against mental health. So when I came to you, I had actually already had one round of CBT to start with, but I was really still coming from this place of prejudice against talking therapies and fear about whether I was going to be believed about my health conditions. The first round of CBT that I'd had, it was in a place I used to live down south, and it was very much focusing on the anxiety. And we talked about it being to do with the fact that I've been diagnosed with Crohn's disease and the fact that I'd had a lot of hospitalisations and the fact that I had emergency surgery, and also the fact that I'd been told that I might have a shorter life expectancy as well. And so it very much focused on the anxiety of dealing with those concepts. But underlying it all, I still had this fear of not being believed about my health conditions. I also, I will just share now, because it is relevant as well, that while I was in hospital for the emergency surgery, the night of that emergency surgery, I was physically abused by a doctor. He was a locum doctor that the hospital had employed just for, you know, a couple of nights. And he insisted on doing a physical investigation on me despite me asking him not to and then he purposefully inflicted pain on me and he enjoyed it, it was a really unpleasant, horrible experience and thankfully a nurse walked in as he was doing this and she got him to stop and he got reported and he no longer works in hospitals and that has all been dealt with. But when I first went into CBT, I hadn't even thought about that as something to talk about because I felt like that was my fault. And I felt like that was my fault because I was in pain because I hadn't done a good enough job at curing my conditions. And so that narrative was in my head when I came to see Bex. And I already had this idea of like, I'm not good enough at curing myself, but I'm now getting to the point where I do need to believe that I've got these health conditions because I'm seeing physical evidence of it more and more. So I was sort of in this halfway point between trying to accept it, but also thinking, nobody else is going to believe this because I don't really believe it. And that's what I came to Bex with, which must not have been the easiest patient. And then at first we did have, I think there was a very slight miscommunication about the fact that CBT can help people with physical health conditions with pain. And I saw that as, oh she's saying it's all in my head and that if I just talk about this, then my pain is going to be completely cured, and they don't believe me that I'm in real pain. But then Bex was brilliant and stopped me and said, no, I really do believe you and you explained it. So, Bex, I'll go back to you because I think you explained it really well and it really helped me. Bex: Well, I think I just said, I believe you and your pain is real. Can we just have that as a starting point and think about how what you've experienced has contributed to living with it and how some of those beliefs you have about yourself might make it harder and maybe they're the bits that therapy can support you with. Helen: Thank you for that, Bex. We've just heard Lizzie talk about, not only having those health conditions and those beliefs, but also about being assaulted when she was supposed to be in a safe place. And you started to talk there about the interaction between the physical conditions and perhaps the emotional beliefs thinking. How did that then help you decide with Lizzie what to do next? Bex: So we talked about it together to decide what to do next. And I guess part of that process was understanding kind of the emotional impacts of both the physical health conditions, you know sometimes there's understandable uncertainty, anxiety, maybe grief associated with those things and the adjustments that are necessary, but also the huge emotional impact of her trauma experience and how that contributed to the stress she was experiencing day by day. And really it, originally, it's mapping that out and understanding it as much as we can to inform Lizzie making a choice about what she wants to prioritise. And, if I remember, we started with some work on physical health and understanding that, partly because of you already alluded to that kind of disbelief you had about your own kind of symptoms and in your own body and listening to that. So I think we did some work to start with on that before doing a kind of CBT for trauma approach that Lizzie was very much leading that decision. Lizzie: Yes, I think the other thing that I remember as well is that I didn't, I don't think I opened up to you about the thing that happened with the doctor straight away. I feel like I went knowing that I had still got anxiety because of things that had happened in hospital and the Crohn's and everything generally and the fact that I was being diagnosed with POTS, I think that was what was going on as well. I was just about to be diagnosed with POTS, so this new diagnosis had sort of triggered a lot of anxiety because of what happened when I was diagnosed with Crohn's disease. It was sort of like coming back. But I don't think I actually mentioned the doctor to you straight away. I think that came out naturally when you sort of asked me to talk about what had happened and what were the things that I sort of was getting in terms of flashbacks because I was having PTSD flashbacks as well. Sorry, I forgot to mention that, and I think we pulled it out by having those conversations. So it was really important that you worked with me on it because that enabled you to be able to pull out this major thing that I probably didn't even see as a priority because I blamed myself for it. So I thought that was really useful. Helen: And I'm hearing from what you're saying that combination between very difficult to manage physical symptoms and how those interacted with what you believed and how strong that was. And I think it's really interesting that sometimes people talk about long term health conditions, as if they were all in the mind and that being completely wrong. And coming to someone like Bex, who's got psychologist or psychotherapist or something like that in her title, being particularly difficult at the same time as for you, believing that it really was something that you had control over by the power of your mind or something like that, that somehow, if you only tried harder, you could change what was happening. Lizzie: Yeah, absolutely. It was, I was terrified. Honestly, I was so confused about what was going on in my own brain. I felt like I needed to do something because I was getting flashbacks at that point. In any sort of moment where I wasn't actively doing something, I was getting flashbacks every 15 seconds, I think. Honestly, it was it was awful. I was getting certain colours were triggering things, and it was constant. It was exhausting and I knew there was something that I needed to do about it. I had my first round of CBT which was successful at helping me bring my anxiety down, so I had that sort of stepping stone, but I was still coming from this place of fear and doubt. And I think part of that is because I was told by the doctors when I was first diagnosed with Crohn's that I should have CBT. And I thought that was them saying that it was all in my head, but it was actually that they were prescribing it as a way of helping me cope with the pain, but the way it was communicated to me made it sound like they just thought, Oh, well, if you have CBT, then you'll be cured of Crohn's disease, which is not what they meant. And I now know that having spoken to people who work in the sector more, I now understand that. But I think that a lot of people, when they are first told, oh, I think you should have CBT. They think, oh, this is just the doctor trying to fob me off, but it's not, it's them using their toolkit of things they've got available to them to try and help. It's just not necessarily communicated that well. And I think if it was communicated to me differently, back when I was first diagnosed with Crohn's, maybe I would have had CBT back then, and maybe I might have had a bit more support as I was going through the diagnosis. And some of that fear might have been mitigated a little bit back then. Helen: I think that's really important for you to have explained that actually, that sense of, for people like myself and Bex, perhaps, to understand how to explain why what we've got to offer might be useful and not to make assumptions that someone that we're recommending for CBT will automatically know what we meant. So that's an important message. I think. Once you did go to CBT, can you tell us a bit about what was actually helpful? What did you actually do or talk about? What was it that seemed to make a helpful difference? Lizzie: So the first round of CBT that I had was very much focused on mindfulness and being able to be in the moment. I did have PTSD and my PTSD score was very high, my anxiety score was very high. I think my depression score was lower at that point, I'm not sure if I scored for depression at that point, but the main thing that I found helpful was being able to stay in the moment because I was constantly worrying about the future, worrying about death, worrying about what was going to happen if my Crohn's flared again, worried about what was going to happen if I had to stay in hospital again, and I was constantly writing all these stories for myself that weren't happening, and living in fear that I didn't need to be thinking about. So that really helped me just to be mindful and to focus on the moment. And when I first heard the term mindfulness, I was like, right, okay. Are we just going to be like sit in a circle and go “ohm” or something? And it wasn't that at all. It was very much using strategies that are very simple to just help my body and my mind realise that I am safe in this moment. And that for me was really helpful. And as somebody coming from a place of doubt, I think again, if that had been communicated to me before I'd gone into it, I think I probably would have been a lot more open, because I think even back then, my first therapist probably had a lot of resistance from me as well. And then when I came to Bex, the main thing that I was struggling with then, I think was the PTSD flashbacks, but I think I also scored for anxiety and depression at that point. I was, again for context, I was a teacher still then, so I now have had to medically retire, unfortunately. But when I first saw Bex, I was still a teacher, and I was really pushing myself past the point that I should have been. I was exhausted. I was in pain all the time. I was determined to have a successful career, which I did have. Despite all of this, I did have a very successful career as a teacher, but the reason I had that successful career was because I pushed myself despite all this pain. And it was also a way for me to take my mind off the PTSD, because if I was busy, if I was constantly go, go, go, it meant I didn't have to think about it. So that was where I was at when I first came to Bex. And I think one of the things that she did was, like I said, pulled out the key things that were kind of coming up in flashbacks. And then we did a sort of narrative about the trauma, which was horrible. I'm not going to say it was really horrible, but it helped. So I think that's another thing to say, like, if you're having CBT and the therapist suggests something that is horrible, it's probably going to be good for you because yeah, so we had to basically go through the story of the most traumatic time of my life ever. Over and over again, and I was given homework of going home, reading it through this narrative of like everything that happened over and over again. And it was one of the hardest things I've ever done. Honestly, it was horrible. But by the end of it, I got to the point where I can now, you know, come on a podcast and tell you I was assaulted by a doctor.  When I first saw Bex, I couldn't even say the words about anything that had happened. And the fact that I can now come on publicly and talk about this is, you know, that just shows how helpful CBT was for me, because I honestly, I would have never imagined talking to anybody about it. I didn't even tell my partner who I'd been with for, I think over 10 years at that point, I didn't even tell him until I'd gone through that process of CBT. Most of my friends and family had no idea. Helen: Thank you, Lizzie. It strikes me from everything that you've just been telling me that between working on the post-traumatic stress disorder, the PTSD symptoms and working with Bex to do something that you really didn't want to do and actually deliberately, repeatedly going over it until you could talk about it until, like you say, you can come and talk publicly about it with us, which we're extremely grateful for, but also hearing how hard that is. And in a moment, I'm going to be asking Bex about what she does both to persuade you and other people to go through something that's that difficult, and how you make it manageable when clearly it's a horrible thing to go through. What I might also want to come back to you about as well is you really conveyed how driven you were about that wanting the career, keeping busy, pushing it. And I want to come back about the impact of that as well, if I may. But first, can I go to Bex and just talk about, Lizzie just told us that you've essentially asked her to do the worst thing and do it repeatedly. Bex: Yes, we did. So yeah, it's intuitively the last thing you want to do when you've experienced, you know, something so, so awful and life threatening, that the last thing you want to do is talk about that. So, we do prepare for it, we do some sort of exercises to make sure that we have the tools to calm down if it's distressing, and we explain the theory for why we're doing that because these are kind of stuck, emotional responses and perspectives from being in a situation that was too much for your brain to process at that time. So we're making the space for it subsequently to understand what happened, connect to the feelings that were overwhelming at the time and sort of safely release them through this process. And as well as doing that, we also understand, you know, look at the beliefs that became stuck at that time. And we challenge those together to see if we can get some kind of perspective. So, for example, you were talking about the self-blame, that is so, so usual with trauma. And we looked at that from a different perspective now we had all the information, and I guess the way we encourage people to do that is very much making sure it's their choice, you know, nobody has to do this, but explaining what the benefits might be if we were to try doing this together and try doing it at the pace that you feel like you're able to tolerate and that you're in control of the process. And it's also important to have that story heard and understood by both of us in that process. Helen: And can I just talk to you both about that experience of being really driven. And there was something about the way you described that, Lizzie, that part of that was trying not to be triggered or think about all the bad things that had been happening for you. But also that general style of pushing for a career, being really busy, being highly motivated and I just wondered how the two of you managed that aspect, you know, during your sessions or between them, perhaps more importantly. Lizzie: I think one of the things I can remember was in the first session. So I explained that I was, you know, determined to still be a teacher and how I loved my job, which I did, and I still wish I could be a teacher, I'm not going to lie, I really did genuinely love being a teacher which is part of why I was so driven, because I actually did really enjoy it. But there was definitely that element of me trying to kind ignore everything. But one of the things that Bex did very early on, I think it was the first session, she just said, your homework is to do something fun. And honestly, the concept of doing something fun for myself at that point was unimaginable. And I found it really hard. I found it really hard to think about something to do just for fun for myself. And I think that was just a sign of how much I needed that help because I couldn't even think about what to do. And that really helped me to start to come out of this really, like, blinkered existence where I was thinking, go, go, go, go, go. And it just gradually, bit by bit, helped to pull me out of it. And I think you kept suggesting things like that. And then we talked about what was nice in my week and things like that. And it just helped bring me out of this sort of bubble that I was in. Helen: And Bex, will you tell us a bit about how you were thinking about that as a CBT therapist? What's going through your mind when you're working with somebody like Lizzie, who's working really hard, but is almost stuck for finding something fun or rewarding to do? What's going through your mind as a therapist? Bex: I didn't remember that actually, Lizzie, but I think, well, I guess I'm just noticing how driven and how exhausting it sounds to be kind of pushing so hard, despite feeling so ill. And I'm encouraging a new pattern of behaviour, I guess. I'm encouraging a different way of responding just to try it out. You know, with CBT, we're always just testing stuff, see what works, what doesn't, and so I guess I'm encouraging that early doors to get a bit of a buy into the concept, you know, are you're okay with this approach? And I do remember that we did throughout, we did do bits and pieces around understanding the consequences of working that hard or noticing, cause sometimes you might want to and it might be the right thing for you, but sometimes it might have more impact in ways that are less helpful and you might want to try out a different pattern. And I think we might've looked at working pattern and problem solving that or negotiating with work about trying different approaches and different working weeks to see what was more manageable and more sustainable. Lizzie: Yeah, I remember doing that. And also remembering you helping me a lot with being able to actually have time off work before I was forced to by my body. So, I used to get to the point where I was completely exhausted or in such agony that I couldn't move. And that would be the point when I'd phone in sick, but I think we did a lot of work looking at what my body was doing, thinking about, actually would it be helpful to have some time off before I get to that point rather than waiting until, you know, I need to end up in hospital or something, and giving myself permission to relax every now and then and prioritise my body and that really helped me. Helen: There's something there about finding a balance, whether it's a work life balance or a fun and effort balance, or a, I don't know, resting and doing things balance, but there's something about finding a way of managing your activity and energy levels and ending up actually being able to do more rather than pushing it beyond what your body could manage and then having to take enforced rest at a time, which was already kind of too late in terms of the symptoms. So I'm hearing what you were working on together was about managing day to day life as well as other pieces of work that was specifically to do with resolving incidents or traumas that had happened in the past. So you were fitting a lot into therapy sessions. It sounds quite busy. Lizzie: Yeah, it was, it was useful. Helen: And I wonder, looking back on it, you've already told us that doing that repeatedly going over the traumatic event was one of the hardest things that you've had to do. Was there anything else that you found really challenging that you and Bex agreed on, but you found it really challenging? Lizzie: I think probably what I've just been talking about, about having time off work, I think I was quite resistant to that. I think I was scared to have time off work and to prioritise my health. At that point I'd just been diagnosed with POTS, I'd had a long-term absence from work and was feeling really guilty about that. Obviously as a teacher there's an added level because you've got your students who don't necessarily understand why you're not there. I was a secondary school teacher, so I did actually talk to some of them about my health conditions a little bit just to give them context, but some of particularly the younger ones, the year seven students really struggled with where I'd gone and were worried about me. So I think I had a priority in my mind to be at work and Bex's priority was my wellbeing overall, as well as making sure I had this fulfilled career. And I think I was willing to sacrifice my physical health for my career, but didn't see the big picture of that actually if I do that constantly I'm not going to be able to do this job anymore anyway, which did end up being the case naturally because of the way my health progressed. But that wasn't because of me pushing it. That was just because it got to that point. And when I did have to come to that point where I needed to medically retire, the work we had done ended up setting me up for that. And, I'm not saying as well that my, you know, the work we did in CBT was it. I've had more CBT, I had another round of CBT in the pandemic. Afterwards, I needed to have some more support because obviously all of this stuff to do with the pandemic and I was shielded. So I was actually picked as one of the most vulnerable people in society. And that was scary and brought up all this confusion about, Oh, I'm really ill. Like they, they actually believe me, the government messaged me, they told me I'm ill, you know, it scared me. And then I've also had a round of EMDR as well, which was focused on childhood trauma as well, which actually did weave its way into the physical health and also why I am so driven in terms of what I want to achieve as well and in terms of accepting my health conditions. But I would say that CBT helped me get to the point where I'm at now, where I'm medically retired in one way. I still do my content creation work. I still work as a speaker, so I will work a couple of times a month doing talks, and I am able to do that in a way where I'm still driven to help people, and I'm still driven to get that out that message out to people, but I spend most of my time in bed and that's okay and I can do a bit of both and if something needs to go because my health needs to take priority, then it does. Helen: I'm really curious to hear about that, the things that you still put into practice now from what you've learned from the CBT and giving yourself permission to rest so that you can do things that you care about, things that you value. Can you tell us more about the key things from what you've learned from CBT that you still use the most? Lizzie: It's a combination of things really, I use things from all of the rounds of CBT I think I've had, from the first round I still use some of the mindfulness techniques, I struggled to use those when I was really depressed. I think I was most depressed during the pandemic. I think that really, you know, everybody struggled, I think, during the pandemic but my depression got really bad and those techniques didn't work so well. But, for example, if I'm in a hospital waiting room, I will use those mindfulness techniques to try and just remind myself I'm safe. It's not that I'm going to be admitted to hospital immediately. Sometimes that's like a genuine fear that I think they're going to kidnap me. But I use those mindfulness techniques still there. I think with the second round of CBT, when we did the narrative therapy, I think that just genuinely changed me internally in terms of the way I think about those memories, and I've also learned to give myself permission to be kind to myself. And I think that is just something that it was like a switch that, that turned on when we did the sessions. I don't know when it happened, but that switch is still on most of the time. Sometimes it turns back off again, and sometimes I have to stop. And actually either talk to a friend and they have to talk to me about some things and I'll then parrot back to them the things that I learned in CBT or sometimes it's just me quietly thinking to myself and thinking, no, it is okay for me to have time off. It's important to prioritise my body. And I'm not saying I do that all the time. I definitely don't. I still struggle with, you know, anxiety. I still have suicidal thoughts sometimes it's horrible, but I'm able to cope with those in a way that allows me to function a lot, lot better. Helen: Thank you, Lizzie. And, if it's okay, I do want to just pick up on that. You said that you still get suicidal thoughts sometimes. Can you tell us a little bit about how you make sure that you stay safe when that happens? Lizzie: For me, I very much don't actually want to kill myself and I never have. It's never been that I have suicidal thoughts in that way. It's that I think it's more to do with the fact that I'm exhausted with the battle going on in my mind. I'm exhausted with having to fight the negative side of my thoughts that's telling me, you know, you're useless, you're ill, you might as well give up. Those sorts of thoughts come into my mind. And my friends actually nicknamed that voice, Karen. So I apologise to anybody called Karen. it's one of those things that's picked up on the internet, but we've just called her Karen and so it's just helps me sometimes to think, Oh no, that's Karen speaking. It's not me. And so I'll sometimes have those thoughts, but now I'm at the point where I can just disregard them and they'll come in and I'll go, that's horrible. And then I'll carry on and it'll go away. And sometimes I have darker moments, but it would never get to the point where I'd actually hurt myself because I've got people I can talk to, I've got the techniques I learned in CBT to draw back on. I also have things in my life that I care about and I want to live for, and I can remind myself of those. It is difficult having physical health conditions. When you're living in pain, you're in bed for days on end, months on end. I, you know, I've had periods where I have been in bed for months on end and people listening will have had the same and it's horrible but it's just about looking at those little tiny things in a day that make the day worth living still, even if it's just having a nice cup of tea. And I think for me, those are the things that keep me going, but it's not easy and I think that's the thing with CBT and any sort of talking therapy is I don't think it's about completely eliminating any, you know, any trace of you having mental health problems. It's not that. It's about training you to live with them in a different way. And for me, I feel much more safe in my life. I feel like I can cope with those thoughts, and I've accepted that is not a nice part of me but it's something that is natural for me because of the pain I live in and because of the difficult things I've gone through and I'm not going to act on them, but they just, it's just there. Helen: Thank you, Lizzie. And I just want to come back to Bex about that as well. And just hear what Bex is thinking about what you've just said about carrying on living with difficult days, difficult weeks, difficult months and really difficult thoughts. Bex: Yeah, I think you've shared the kind of toll it takes to live with the extreme pain and tiredness that come with your conditions and the uncertainty and the sort of natural kind of phenomena really of living with those experiences and how you kind of navigate those really well now in terms of accepting, in terms of acknowledging what you're experiencing, but also putting them in perspective and focusing on stuff that's really important to you. And you know, that might be small things if you're really unwell, but I know from working with you from both that time and more recently that you do so well at sharing how you're feeling, at reaching out to people that you have a really positive relationship with, that you're actively managing those things so well when it is difficult and that's really fantastic to see. And it's really helpful how open you are about those things for other people who feel like that it's really valuable, thank you, Lizzie. I guess the other thing I would say that maybe we haven't mentioned is that I've observed over time as well is the way you interact with medical professionals now. I don't know if you want to say something about that, but there's been a real difference in terms of, I guess, assertiveness or handling those relationships really well. So I don't know if that's something you wanted to reflect on. Lizzie: Yeah, definitely, I feel like it's important to mention that actually, but I also did want to just say that you mentioned that I've been really good at reaching out and opening up to friends. And I think that is another thing that I got from CBT actually, because like I said, I didn't tell a lot of people that I was close to about what happened in the hospital and I did used to be a lot more closed off when it came to talking about my health conditions and I think I just thought I was annoying people when I talked about it, and one of the things I learned with CBT was that the people who choose to be in my life care about me, and that's why they choose to be in my life. And so they want to help me. And I was reminded that obviously I want to do that for them. So obviously why wouldn't they do that for me? And so that helped me to reach out to people. And it's not necessarily that I can always reach out. I think that's an important thing to say as well. A lot of the time, my friends are the ones that reach out to me when I'm in a difficult position. I think that's really important because sometimes when you're in the darkest sort of places, you're really not able to even see that you need that help. But I think the important thing is that if somebody in your life reaches out to you and asks you how you are, you're honest with them. And I think that's the thing that changed for me is that I used to just be like, yeah, yeah, fine, carrying on, you know, stiff upper lip type attitude. And I think it's really important to be honest and be authentic with the people in your life. The other thing that you mentioned as well was about the health professionals. So not my proudest moment, but I did actually once punch a nurse. Not like, you know, like a proper thump, but it was a reflex reaction because I was so anxious in hospital. So she was, I think she was taking my blood or giving me an injection. And I was so anxious that my reflex was to just thump her on the arm. I felt so guilty because I've never, I'm not like that at all. I mean, hopefully you both, you've both interacted with me and you know, I'm not the sort of person to go around beating people up. So she was very professional and she just carried on completely like unfazed and I was like, I'm so sorry, I can't believe I just did that. She was like, don't worry, it happens all the time. I was like, wow, she really shouldn't have to deal with that. But I used to be so anxious around medical professionals. I didn't trust them. With that nurse it was slightly different, but I genuinely didn't trust medical professionals. I still don't to a certain degree because I've been misdiagnosed a lot. I've had lots of conversations with doctors who don't know as much about the condition as I do. I've had conversations with doctors who haven't read my notes. You know, recently I went into an investigation, it was important that they knew that I was immunocompromised, and he was like, Oh, you're not immune. You're not on any immunosuppressants are you? And I was like, Oh, only the three that I'm on. Yeah. And you know, that happens a lot. But I have learned to be more assertive in those sorts of situations. And now I'm able to communicate in a way where I can get across what I need to get across without having a huge panic attack. Because what used to happen is I used to just get completely overwhelmed and then I had to leave the room, or I just bursts into tears. And it does still happen. Even recently I've had a couple of things that happen where I get really overwhelmed, but it's nowhere near the level that it used to be. And now I've got again, another toolkit where I know what to do before an appointment. At the start of the appointment, I explain to the medical professional, you know, these are the mental health conditions I've got, I'm making you aware because this might happen. If this does happen, this is what I would like you to do and it's usually just a case of I just want them to be quiet and let me just process for a couple of minutes and then I'm usually fine. And then after the appointment as well, I've also got some things that I do afterwards to make sure that I'm as okay as I can be, but it's again, still difficult. It's not like it's taken it away and it's still something that I will always find hard and I need support with. So a lot of the time I'll have somebody come with me to appointments because I've recognised that is a need for me. And it's something that I can't do by myself, but that is part of me dealing with it. That's part of me managing it. And I think that's something that I've learned because of doing CBT and doing therapy in general. And it's changed my life. And it's helped me to get the diagnosis and also the treatments that I need. So it's been really important for my physical health as well. Helen: Thank you very much, Lizzie. I’m thinking one of the things I would like is for people listening to hear what are the most important things that you would like them to know. And I'm going to go to Bex first. If there are people out there who are having similar experiences, whether it's long-term health conditions, whether it's having panic attacks, whether they've experienced trauma, struggling to manage what's happening to them? What are the key things that you would want people to know from what we've been talking about today, Bex? Bex: I guess the key thing I'd want someone to know that if you're really struggling with those things, that matters and that there is support available where we can work out, you know, maybe some things can't be changed, maybe some things have to be adjusted or two, but the things that are possible to make different, maybe some ways of responding that can support you with what you're experiencing. With trauma, I guess I'd want people to know that there are treatments that work for trauma that can make a vast difference in terms of re-experiencing and levels of anxiety associated with that past event. And I'd want people to know that they're entitled to that support and it's available for them if they want it and if they're ready for it because it might not be the right time. And that's entirely their decision. And often, you know with physical health we see quite a lot of physical health problems with people who've had chronic stress for a very long time as well and that there's an interaction there, and that we're interested to understand more. Helen: Thank you. And Lizzie, what would your kind of key messages be, would you say? Lizzie: I think the biggest message I want to get across is that it's not a replacement for the treatment that you'd get for your physical health conditions. It's something that can complement it and help to make life easier for you, but it's not about being something that you do instead of another treatment. And I think if you ever are in a conversation with a doctor where they suggesting that, so they're suggesting they're going to stop investigating and just send you to talking therapy, I would say it's important to advocate for yourself and say, you know, that's fine, but what's the differential diagnosis here and what else can we do to investigate what else might be going on? Or, you know, I'm happy to try that, but I would also like a plan for if this doesn't help me, what can I do after that? I think that's really important. The other thing that I would say as well is, I would say to somebody, if you are thinking about the possibility that doing CBT or some sort of talking therapy might help you, the likelihood is it probably will, because I don't think people would be considering it unless they're in the position where they probably would benefit from it. And the other thing I would say as well is I got very lucky with having Bex as my therapist, and I think if you have started some sort of therapy or you're going to start and you don't feel like you gel or mesh with the person that you are speaking with, I think it's important to try and see if you can maybe change to somebody else, or be open with that therapist. You know, with Bex, if I hadn't have been open with the fact that I was anxious about her saying, you know, about the connection between physical and mental health, we might never have gelled, you know, that might have really stopped the relationship from progressing. I could have just never turned up to the next session if I hadn't been open about it. So I think that's the other thing is if you're feeling like something's not right, be open, and I think the vast majority of therapists go into the profession because they are genuinely caring people. I think it naturally attracts those kind of people. So the likelihood is they probably will want to try and help you and if it doesn't feel right after that, then try and find somebody else and see if it can find something that fits. Helen: Thank you so much. I'd just like to say how much I appreciate you both coming to speak with me today. Bex and Lizzie, I'm really grateful for your input. Thank you very much indeed. Bex: And thank you so much for having us. It's been really lovely to reflect on that, the experience together, and it was a joy to work with Lizzie. Lizzie: Thank you so much. And yeah, I'm so grateful for honestly, having been able to have the experience and the experiences that I've had. I'm very lucky to have had the support that I've had. So thank you Bex for that. And it's great to be able to talk about it and hopefully this might help some of the people as well. So I really hope that if anybody's listening, who needs some support out there that this helps a little bit. Helen: Thank you. So, our listeners will find more information on our show page and, I'm just going to say one more thank you to you both. Thank you both. Thanks for listening to another episode and for being part of our Let's Talk About CBT community. There are useful links related to every podcast in the show notes. If you have any questions or suggestions of what you'd like to hear about in future Let's Talk About CBT podcasts, we'd love to hear from you. Please email the Let's Talk About CBT team at [email protected], that's [email protected]. You can also follow us on X and Instagram at BABCP Podcasts. Please rate, review, and subscribe to the podcast by clicking subscribe wherever you get your podcasts, so that each new episode is automatically delivered to your library and do please share the podcast with your friends, colleagues, neighbours, and anyone else who might be interested. If you've enjoyed listening to this podcast, you might find our sister podcasts Let's talk about CBT- Practice Matters and Let's Talk about CBT- Research Matters well worth a listen.  
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  • Let’s talk about…how CBT can help with living well with pain
    In this episode of Let’s Talk About CBT, Helen Macdonald speaks with Pete Moore, author and creator of The Pain Toolkit, about his journey of living with long-term pain. Pete shares his experiences of how he was able to move from being overwhelmed by pain to learning CBT techniques and strategies which helped him learn to manage it effectively, regain control, and even help others do the same. Useful links: The Pain Toolkit website Live well with pain website Listen to our sister podcasts: Let’s Talk About CBT - Practice Matters and Let’s Talk About CBT - Research Matters: https://babcp.com/Podcasts Find us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/babcppodcasts/ Credits: Music is Autmn Coffee by Bosnow from Uppbeat Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/bosnow/autumn-coffee License code: 3F32NRBYH67P5MIF This episode was edited by Steph Curnow   Transcript: Helen: Hello, and welcome to Let's Talk About CBT, the podcast where we talk about cognitive and behavioural psychotherapies, what they are, what they can do, and what they can't.  I'm Helen Macdonald, your host. I'm the Senior Clinical Advisor for the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies   Today, I'm speaking with Pete Moore, who'll be sharing with us his journey living with long term pain.  Many years ago, Pete took part in an inpatient pain management program, which among other things uses cognitive and behavioural techniques to learn how to manage long term symptoms of pain.  Pete will tell us about his journey and where he is today in not only managing his own pain and staying active, but also how he helps other people to learn key ways of living successfully with long term pain.  Pete, would you like to introduce yourself to our listeners? Pete: Yes, well, hi everyone. My name's Pete Moore and I'm the author and originator of the Pain Toolkit. I just want to say, Helen, thanks very much for inviting me along to do this podcast and I'm really looking forward to having a chat with you. Helen: That's great. Thank you very much, Pete. I think a good place to start would be if I ask you just to tell me a bit about how you ended up living with long term pain. Pete: Yeah, it's, such a familiar story actually that of mine. Back then in the early nineties, I had back pain and such and I used to sort of manage it by taking over the counter medication, et cetera, or just having a rest. But I didn't really do a lot to help myself. I didn't really know what to do with it. I just, you know, it's like most people just get on with life. But I think it was about 92, back then I was a painter and decorator, and I was painting a house over in Windsor Castle. Anyway, I went home that night and the next day I couldn't get out of bed. I found out later on that I'd prolapsed some discs in my back, I think, two in the lower, and one in the middle. And I was pretty scared, really frightened, et cetera. And I found it difficult even going to the GP, really. And anyway, long story short, I was given medication and anti inflammatories but little was I to know that back then there was, you know, managing back pain or managing pain itself was like being put in something called the medical model. And I wasn't really given any guidance around what I could do for myself. It was just, “take these pills. If they haven't worked, come back and see me”. So I wasn't quite on Christmas card terms with the GP, but, you know, I was around there every month or so. Anyway, I had to stop working et cetera. And for me, movement was more pain. So I stopped moving. I was sent to the physiotherapist, but back then I don't think that they was quite well up to speed with managing pain or back pain and I was given exercises to do and which say do 10 of these, 10 of these, 15 of those and, and as you know yourself, when you've got subacute pain, as I did, then, I've got up to five or six repetitions and the pain went up so much I thought this can't be right. So, to me, I learned that, back then the exercise equalled more pain. So I just stopped moving. Helen: So I'm hearing you got lots of back pain. You did what most people would do, which is go and see your GP and you got prescribed medicines. And you said, medical models. So it's very much, you go and see somebody and they're going to prescribe some treatment and you expect to get better. But what you're telling me is that the medicines, the physiotherapy actually ended up probably not helping very much. And actually you were still struggling with the pain. And you also said that you were really scared as well. Pete: I guess I couldn't see any future for myself really and I was getting depressed and I just, I had no plan, you know, that was it and at the time I was only I think in my mid-forties, something like that back then. And I thought what's my future? I couldn't see any future for myself, and I went through a pretty, pretty sticky time really, you know. People that used to call and say how you doing, or they would pop around, but it was the same old story and then even people stopped ringing me, stopped calling me because all I could talk about was my back pain really. And they probably got their own problems to deal with, you know? And I did look around for seeing people privately, you know, the osteopaths and chiropractors and all them sort of guys and, and all in all I spent, I did actually spend all my savings really and, I was a doctor shopper, I was a therapy shopper and looking for something to fix me, and little was I to know that I had to learn how to fix myself. Helen: So I'm hearing it was having a huge impact on every area of your life. It changed, you know, sort of whether you could go to work. It was changing whether you could see your friends. It was changing how you felt about yourself and your mood went down. You felt angry, anxious, all of those things. So tell me how you started to change how you approach trying to manage this, and moved away from, what did you say? Being a therapy shopper? Pete: Yeah, therapy shopper, doctor shopper, serial shopper, serial health care. I was just looking for someone to fix me because as a child, you know, you don't feel well. So you go to the doctors, the doctor gives you something or do something. And then after 10 days or so you feel better, and you get on with your life. But, when it comes to long term, this back pain, it wasn't. I had a couple of turning points, really. One was, I thought, well, I'm not getting anywhere with the healthcare professionals. So, I always remember a little saying I learned years ago that, if you want to learn something to teach it, and I thought, I need to be around people like me, you know? So, I started up a back pain support group and I was quite surprised. I was contacted a local newspaper and said I'm starting this up, can you publicise it for me? And, I was quite surprised, the hall I booked, it was only, I think it's supposed to hold about 20 people, but I think it was over 50 people showed up, like, you know. They was all like me, you know, struggling, looking for answers and that's the thing we wasn't, none of us were getting answers. Anyway, someone told me about a woman in Norwich or Norfolk who'd been on a pain management program in London called Input and it really worked wonders with her. And so I contacted them asking if someone can come along to speak to the group about what they did, et cetera. Well that was, that was the turning point and a really nice lady called Amanda Williams. She was a clinical, she is a clinical psychologist. And she'd come along and spoke to the group about, you know, learning how to pace the activities, about graded activities, moving will actually help your pain, et cetera. Really positive, information. I thought this is, this is right up my street. This is for me. And so I applied to go on the course and sadly it was the NHS so I had to wait till, 96, but in between that time, I was really getting depressed as well. And, on the, I always remember the date as it’s my birthday, 31st December 94. I got so down with my pain, I had some friends wanted to come and take me out for the night, being New Year's Eve and my birthday and stuff like that. And that day I had my full quota of medication. I said, I just can't go out like, you have to go on your own. And that night I did actually consider ending my life really, because I just couldn't see any future for myself, you know. I think the only thing that kept me going really was knowing that I was on a waiting list to go to the Input program. And the program gave me the, not only the tools and the skills, but it gave me the confidence to manage my pain myself. Helen: So, what you were saying there, Pete, about reaching a point where really you almost lost hope. Even though you'd done everything you could and you'd started a support group even, and found other people with similar experiences, you were trying everything you could, and then you did find something that you've described as a turning point for you, but you still had to wait a long time for that. I mean, I'm very pleased that you're still with us and I'm particularly pleased that you've got this opportunity to tell our listeners about, you know, how you did reach that turning point and how it helped you. So please do tell us what happened when you went to the Input pain management program. Pete: Well, it was an inpatient program. So, it was spread over two weeks I think the very, the first day, it was the best day for me because, Charles Pyler, who was the medical director at a time, he went around all the people in the group. There was 18 of us there, I think. And, and we were split into two groups of nine and, but he went around to everybody in the group asking them how long they'd lived with pain. And I think for memory, it was nearly 400 years. You know, of the 18 people. But he said, he said something really profound and it still sticks with me. He said, “we believe your pain”, because when you live with pain and you're seeing endless people and nothing seems to be working. You start thinking that people are not believing you, you know, that, perhaps you’re imagining it and things like that. And, we're malingerers and stuff like that. When he, when Charles Pylor said that, I thought, yeah, I'm, I'm home finally, you know, I feel this is my place where I'm going to be my place of learning. And I embraced it because to me that was the last chance saloon. And it was all different there, so when we was given exercises to do, it wasn't, you know, do ten of these, do ten of these, you know, like the old days. It was like do this and then, cut it back by, you know, say, for example, you did, you know, get sitting up from a chair, you could do six, cut it back, you know, just do three, then add on one each day sort of thing like, you know, it was proper graded exercises. So not only was the, with the, doing the exercises and stretching and stuff like that, but the other important thing I learned was about pacing. Now, to me, you know, we've all, everybody knows the term pacing, where you just pace yourself, you'll be alright. But what is pacing? That's the, that was the question, you know, we were asked, well what is pacing? And what I learned was pacing is taking a break before you think you need to. Because see what, what us people with pain or even, even long-term conditions, what we do is we use our pain or our symptoms as a guide. So let's say for example, you're walking, etc. And then when you, uh, when the pain starts or increases, you're thinking, oh, I better take a break now. And what I learned that, that wasn't pain management, that was the pain managing me. And through learning pacing or taking a break before I thought I needed to, actually allows me to actually do more throughout the day without increasing my pain or my symptoms. And I'm still doing it now, I'm still pacing myself. So that I, allows me to do, you know, do what I do, et cetera, and enjoy life. Helen: Thank you Pete. So what I've just heard there is there was something really important about being believed, you know, that that was how you were greeted is that actually, yes, we believe your experience of pain. We believe you. And we don't think that you're making it up or exaggerating. We know that if you say it hurts, it hurts. We believe you. But there's also something really important about getting more active, managing how much activity and rest that you do, doing a bit less than you thought you could do actually overall helped you to do more in the end. And there's something important about having other like-minded people around you, people with similar experiences. And while inpatient pain management programs, there still are some, there's also outpatient primary care pain management group settings now which weren't available in the nineties when this was your experience, but the principles are still very much the same about learning to get the balance right and, learning to live well with the pain rather than trying to make it go away, which hasn't worked generally. Pete: As I said, back in the day, it was like, movement meant more pain. But what I learned through, you know- 'cause the thing is, once you leave the program, you've got to keep your exercises going and stuff like that. And that can be difficult as well as I found out.  Whereas back then exercise was not my enemy, but not my best friend either. But little was I to know that keeping stretching and exercising and moving, et cetera, is my best buddy. I'm pleased to say that since about a year after the program, I think it was, it was 97, that was the last time I took any pain medication. So for me, I still do me stretching. I'll do me some yoga in the morning and then I'll go down the gym and then do some more strength and exercises and stuff like that. And, to me, doing exercises and stretching and whatnot, yoga, tai chi, that to me is the equivalent of taking meds you know, but without the side effects, of all the pain meds and whatnot. I think the most important thing of what I learned, what I have learned over the years was that the skills and the tools that I learned on the input program or the pain management program have been transferable. So when I hit 50, I started getting arthritis in my joints and my hands, knees and whatnot. So again, using the skills and tools from the Input program and, and in recent years when I was diagnosed with prostate cancer, again, I'm still able to dip into that knowledge fountain of self-management. Well, what can I do to help myself like, and, you know, even with the oncologist, like, you know, when I'm talking to them and I’m saying well, at least this is what I'm doing, they seem a bit shocked like, you know. But it's only because of what I learned back in 96 that their life skills that have been transferable for me over the years and as I've become an older person now. I'm 70 years old. Helen: Well, congratulations, Pete. Pete: It's a miracle, you know. I've got a 70 year old body, but you know, my brain's still ticking over in my thirties, like, you know. Helen: Absolutely. And, and I think, what I'm hearing though, Pete, is that actually you're, you're doing better physically at the age of 70 than you were in your mid-forties when all this started to happen to you. And you've gone from, you know, really finding it difficult to move, being in a lot of pain, taking all the pain relief you could to learning how to stay active, do your exercises and lots of different types of exercise. And that it applies to any kind of long term pain. It's not just back pain. This, this applies to any kind of long-term pain and you've kept doing it over the years. So, so you've mentioned yoga and Tai Chi and going down the gym. Tell us what you do down the gym. Pete: I was always a lot of what I call a gymophobic, really. My partner at the time Kim, she was a yoga teacher and she would encourage me to go to the gym like and I just thought all the good looking dudes go down there, like all that, you know, ones with big, big guns and lycra and whatnot. And, you know, for people that don't see me, I'm no Chippendale like, you know. But the thing is, I got into the gym and although I was exercising at home, but now I found out when I started going to the gym, the pain levels dropped off even more. I thought, whoa. And to me it was, meeting other dudes as well, meeting other people. And, for me, I go down the gym and I'm only a little bit of a routine. It's not a bonkers routine, but I go down there at six o'clock in the morning. I’m a bit of an early bird, but I do me yoga about 20 minutes, 30 minutes of yoga before go down there. Then, I'll do some weights, because of the treatment I'm having from, the cancer. I've got to strengthen my bones because it's a hormone treatment I'm having. So, I'm prone to osteoporosis, I think, I think it's called. So I have to strengthen my muscles. And, but then I'll go, there's like a bit of another level there, so I'm out of the way of people, but I'll go up there and I'll do again it's a bit more stretching, but I mainly do all my Tai Chi up there. They all laugh at me, because of all the weird movements I do, but I don't care, you know, I'm enjoying myself, and, you know, for people that, Oh, Tai Chi, I do come out there perspiring, like, you know, it can be a workout itself, but for me it helps me with a breathing. I've always had asthma as a child since I was a kid, so it helps me with a breathing, but relaxation. And every time I come away from the gym, you know what, I'm really, I'm really a chilled out dude. I really feel great. It's great, you know, great for my head. And it's funny enough, I, I ask people, so when I see a newbie down at the gym, I, I have a little chat and I say, why'd you come to the gym? And even the young dudes like, I'm quite surprised they say, I come here from my head and, how it's, how exercising helps their mental, health, et cetera. The other thing I do as well, I'm lucky where I live, it's quite a nice area, so I'll go out for walks and stuff like that. I call them pacing walks, so, you know, I'm not walking for miles and miles and then, but for me, it's a nice way of relaxing as well. Helen: Again, what I'm hearing there Pete is about the importance of getting the activity right and the range of activity between doing the yoga and stretching, Tai Chi. I should perhaps share that I also do Tai Chi, which helps me with my balance and helps with my joint pain as well. But you also do the strength training, you're looking after your bones and your muscles, with those exercises as well. And I was really curious to hear what you're saying that over the years, the way you think about it has changed an awful lot as well. how you think about what the pain means and what you do about it is different from what it was all those years ago before you encountered the Input program. And did the program actually do anything specific about thinking, or is that something that's happened over the years with experience? Pete: I suppose there was a lot of things going on, because pain does mix up your thinking. Your medication is changing your thinking, you know, especially on the, the strong stuff like the strong opioids and whatnot. So you get fuzzy thinking and so, if you're lucky enough to get on a pain management program or, you know, being outpatient or an inpatient, when you get to those sort of places, you are one mixed up person cause there's so much going on. Your thinking is all over shop, you know. So those two weeks went like a rocket anyway, but it's the keeping up when you go. I was lucky enough that I went back to the back pain support group that I was running at the time. And, I know, I know then, that I, that was how I started getting into doing other things like, putting a mini pain management program together. But for me, it's, I think for a lot of people, when I was talking to Paul, I don't know if you know, Paul Watson used to be, like a physiotherapist, I think up at Leicester and he was, he was in the area a few weeks ago and he's a bell ringer now, amongst other things, and I was chatting with him and we were talking about this, about when people leave the program and he said  before people leave the program, they have to have a sense of purpose. And that really struck a chord with me, really, because I don't think people, it's like, well, you've done the course, off you go sort of thing, yeah, and what is their purpose? What is their, what are they going back to? And that's the importance of setting goals and action plans and stuff like that. So I was lucky I went back to the support group and so I was keeping myself busy in that way. That was my purpose. But I think a lot of people drop back into the old ways of, you know, they’re thinking because they've had that, that, that period of time, whether it's, over spread over two weeks, three weeks or whatever, or longer, but what happens after that? I think that's where people can fall back into their old ways and I think if you're a healthcare professional listening to this, it's about before, before people leave you, it's about, they have to ask, well, what is their short, medium goals, long term goals. What is our purpose? What are we going to be doing for the rest of our life sort of thing, you know, obviously a day at a time. Helen: So one of the key messages we want our listeners to take away with them from hearing what you're saying is what do you want in the long term? What, what are your goals and what's the plan that's going to help you meet those goals? And I know that, people who work. you know, sort of with people in a similar situation may well be used to doing a thing called a relapse prevention plan or a long-term wellness and recovery plan or something like that. And you've told us about, you keep your activity levels up, you pace yourself, you do have a sense of purpose. You've got things that are meaningful, that matter to you in your life. And that's really important. So there's something about having that, you know, what's important to you and being clear about what you're going to do. So, what would you say to people, because I mean, however well you manage it, there's going to be bad days, aren't there? There's going to be, you know, you'll get a flare up or, or a severe increase at some point, however well you do. What would you say about that? Pete: Well, setbacks are normal. It's as simple as that. we're overdoers, you know, people with pain, in fact, people with long term conditions, we're overdoers. Hey, listen, we want to keep up with everybody else like, you know. And we don't want to stand out from the crowd and, and so what it tends to do, we, we overdo things, we overextend ourselves and the chances are that, it's going to increase our pain or our symptoms, et cetera. So it's important to have a setback plan. Think of it, think of your setback plan like a spare tire on a car. So you’re in your car, you get a puncture, if you can change the wheel yourself you do it, if you can't, you wait for the breakdown. But the thing is then you put your spare, spare tire on, spare wheel, and off you go, carry on with your journey. And it's the same thing with us lot, you know, we need it. We need a setback plan because we're overdoers. I'm still an overdoer. I have to police myself that way. I'm not overcooking myself. I can get carried away, especially when I'm working in the garden, etc. So, it's when we do, when we do have a setback, pain increases, it's like, well, what's our plan? You know, so, so I can get back in the driving seat as soon as possible. Helen: Okay. So, so setback planning is about. Yeah, you might need to slow down. You might need to take a step back a bit, but you don't stop. You don't go back to square one and you get back on to your plan, you know, sort of after a short space of time where you perhaps had to rein it in a little bit. But you still get on with your plan. You still move towards your goals. Pete: Yeah I’ll always suggest to people that they just cut everything down by half and then gradually like pace it up again, carry on keeping active, do you still do as you're stretching, think about how you're stretching, say, so if you're holding a stretch you got used to you holding stretch for 10 seconds, perhaps just hold it for five seconds. I always think chop everything in half like, you know, it's like pacing, you know, like. People say to me, well, you know, taking a break before you think you need to, well, when's, well, when's that? When you set a baseline, let's say you can walk 100 metres and then the pain starts, well take a break at 50. Chop everything in half because everybody knows what half of something is. That's the same thing with a setback plan. Just chop out all your activities that came down by half and then slowly increase it. At a pace that suits you. Take your time because at the end of the day, we don't want to lose our confidence again, because, you know, people in pain, we, where we were can do people end up being can't do people. So it's about keep being a can do person, but do it in a pain self-management way. Helen: Thank you, Pete. So being a can-do person, Pete, you put together the pain toolkit. So tell us about that. How did that come about and what's involved in it? Pete: Well the Pain Toolkit had come around just by, just pure chance really. After I'd come off the pain management program, I thought there wasn't anything in my area. So I thought, well, okay, well I'll do one myself then. So I put together a six-week course for the people in the support group. In fact, it was lucky really, because by then I bumped into another lady called Maggie Hayward. She'd been on a pain management program in Surrey, I think, a few years earlier. And, she was, like me, she was so impressed with it and she put together a video for all the pain, all the stretches and exercises from a pain management program. So the, the program that we put together was called Fighting Back, and we used the stretching and exercises from the video so the people bought the video and they could do those at home, but the physio that we hired showed them, made sure they were doing it the correct way, et cetera. So, after that, the, I don't know word got around really. Someone had contacted me about some, a German company wanted, I think it was a, it was a, a pharma company and they, they wanted to hear from a patient apparently. None of these managers had ever heard from a pain patient. So I went, they invited me over to Germany to, to do a talk which I did to their managers. I don't think they were that interested, but I, I was wild, you know, I mean, I've never been out of the country sort of thing, with back pain, et cetera, you know, so it was a bit of adventure and a bit of apprehension as well. But then someone else in, in the company had heard about my trip there and, they were putting together like a website for healthcare professionals to learn about pain management. They asked me to write a module for it called managing pain from the patient's perspective, and so I put together, I wrote this module about managing paint, but while I was writing it, remember I was a painter and decorator, so what tools did I need to be a painter and decorator, and I thought people who paint, we need some tools as well, you know. So I started writing together, put together some tools, I think there was about, initially there was eight, and then I was showing it to healthcare professionals I knew and stuff, and they said we need to include this, that, and the other, and what not, and then all of a sudden The Pain Toolkit come around and by then I'd started working in the NHS on something called the Expert Patients Program. I was a trainer and I was at a meeting in Cambridge, and there was a lady there called Angela Hawley. She was in charge of long-term conditions at the Department of Health. And I just took, took a chance on her. So I went up to her at the end, I said, she was doing a talk there about long term conditions. And I just said, oh, hello, you don't know me, but I'm Pete and I've written this. She said, oh, yeah, I've seen, I've heard about this. This is really great. Where can I get some copies from? I said, I can't afford to print it. And, she said, I would do that for you. So I said, how many do you need? I said, oh, 5, 000. That'll probably keep you going for a year. She said, okay. Anyway, it went so bananas like that in the first year, a hundred thousand copies had been sent out. Healthcare professionals were using it with their patients like as a guide and to get them started in self-management. And I think the second year they printed off another 100, 000 and I think the last year was about 40k or something like that. So I was just, you know, one of these things in the right place at the right time. Then I got invited back to Germany again, because this, a guy called Reinhard Sitzel, he'd heard about me and he'd heard about The Pain Toolkit, and he was interested in hearing more about it, so I went back to Germany and had a chat with him, and it turns out we were really good buddies, and he got his daughter to translate into German, he then sent it off to his buddy in Switzerland, so to get it printed off. But as you know, in Switzerland, they just can't print things off in German. It had to go into, French and Italian. So now there's a German, English, da, da, da, you know, and then anyway, long story, short, over the years that company has been, it's all been translated into different languages, Spanish, Norwegian, Russian, Portuguese. I can't remember all of them. I think even the Aussies, the Australians, they did a couple of versions, a Chinese version and a Greek version like, you know, so it's just, it just went a bit wild really like. But it's just a very simple booklet to help people get, get off the start line really, and the healthcare professionals like using it because it's like a little mini, like a mini workbook, so they give them the booklet to have a read through, then circle two or three of the tools you want help with right now and that's what they do. And then, so, see the patient's doing something, they've got to do something. So, they've read it, they've circled things off, they take it back to their healthcare worker, and then they work through it so when they feel confident with those two or three tools, they then choose another two or three. I mean, it's not rocket science. It's just easy peasy lemon squeezy as I call it, you know. Helen: Sounds amazing, Pete. It really does sound amazing that you've put together some practical tips for living well with pain, and now it's, it's gone well, global really if it's in Australia and all over Europe and everything. And you said that people circle the tools that they want to use. Can you give us a couple of examples of what the tools are? Pete: You know, I'll tell you what I'll go through them with you if you like if that would be useful? So Tool One is accept that you've got persistent pain and begin to move on. I think that's a, that's a tough one for a lot of people because, you know, to think that. that you accept that pain is going to be with you. I look at pain as being a bit of an unwanted passenger in your life, you know. And it's about accepting the fact that, as I had to accept it, that pain was going to be with me for a long period of time. As it's turned out, it'll probably be with me until towards the end of my life, but it's acceptance that, is going to be with you for so long, but it's not going to be…You see, I'm back in the driving seat, it'll be around with me, but it's not in charge anymore, you know, I'm the boss like, and I've got on with my life. So, but for a lot of people acceptance can be a tough one. So that's tool one. Tool Two is about getting involved, building a support team. Now I've got to be honest with you, I've not actually met anyone yet who's actually been where most people are struggling with persistent pain and they sort it out on their own. We need that team and it's like I always think, think of yourself like a bit like a football coach. You choose people who you want in your team to get so that you can be a winning side, et cetera, you know? So, and the same thing as well, back then, you know, I had to think about who do I want in my team? I needed someone on my side, so it needed a selection. Perhaps I need a few healthcare professionals that I could go to, obviously supportive input. I needed people, people around me as well, like friends and family, et cetera, to be there to support, so it's about, getting involved in the building, building a support team. Tool three is about pacing. I always say to people, if you don't remember anything else about any of my presentations, remember about pacing because pacing allows you to do more throughout the day but without increasing your pain or your symptoms. Tool four is about learning to prioritise and plan out your days because we're all over the shop. You know, we're very erratic, because you've got your medications going on. Doing all your thinking, perhaps you're being pulled in different directions back with family and work commitments and stuff like that. But if you learn to plan and prioritise what actually needs to be done, because again, see, we want to try and keep up with everybody else, but we need to have a little bit of a list. Now, tomorrow, I always say to people make your list the night before and then prioritise it. Well, what can I do and then pace it out throughout the day. Tool five, setting goals and action plans. As I always say to people, if you don't know where you're going, it's unlikely you're going to get there. So, to me, setting goals and action plans is so important because you can look back and learn from what's gone on in the past, but now we're moving forward. I know I always say to people to get them in the hang of setting goals and action plans is, set yourself some fun goals just get you going like, so it could be that you meet a buddy for a coffee or go do something nice, you know, perhaps go to the seaside or something like that. So set your goal, but think about how are you going to achieve that goal like, you know, and when I'm teaching like, there's a little process I'll go through. It's a bit too long to go through it now. But it's a nice little process, about setting goals and action plans. But just keep it simple really. But have fun as well. You know, that's the main thing about self-managing pain is we need to put the F U N in it. Fun, have fun as well. Like, you know, I always call it buy yourself an ice cream from time to time. Tool six is about being patient with yourself because we want to get there and we're in a hurry, you know, because we get a few winters under our belt and we get a bit frustrated, but we've got to be patient learning how to manage pain. You know, it took me a year to get off the meds like, you know, Dave, who I work with now, he's another self-manager, it took him the best part of two or three years to come off the meds like, you know, But we have to be patient with ourselves but sometimes we can be in too much of a hurry. Tool seven is about learning relaxation skills I learnt back in the Input Program A relaxed muscle feels less pain than a tight one or a tense one. So, you know, if I've got to do any journeys now, I do a little, learn to do a little bit of meditation. I learned it from, that's what I learned off of, YouTube, really, of this, Tibetan monk. Because my brain's always ticking over, thoughts coming in, going out, going up and down. You know, I'm all over the shop sometimes. But, yeah, I learned from this little Tibetan monk about meditation, which is concentrating on breathing. You know, just breathing in, breathing out. And he said, that's meditation. I thought, mate, I can do that. Tool Eight is about stretching, exercising. Again, the, the physios nowadays, they call it meaningful movement. The reason why they call it meaningful movement because when you say to someone, you need to learn such an exercise, if they like doing it and they choose to do it, they're more likely to keep it up. Number nine, keep a track of your progress. That's not about a pain diary in such to where you're tracking how much pain you are in during that day because it's not for that's not really helpful, but it's about keeping a diary, it's sometimes just keep a track. I did actually put together something called, how am I today? It's like a little bit a like a report card for themselves. Like, you know, they can say, well, how am I doing? You know, am I doing a stretching? They can show it to their health care worker if they need it. Well, yeah, look, they look like you're struggling there, so perhaps we can work on that a little bit so tracking your process is important. Tool 10, we talked about it already, have a step back plan. Tool 11, going back to teamwork. But teamwork is so paramount it's why I've mentioned it twice in the twelve. And the last one there is keeping it up and putting it into practice really. And the thing is, I've added in recent copies of The Pain Toolkit. I've actually had to learn about being resilient. We have to be resilient, we need to, uh, not toughen up, but we're on a long old journey here, like, and we need to think about it. Helen: Absolutely. So if you were going to say one key message to people out there, maybe they're living with long term pain themselves, or they care about somebody who lives with long term pain, what would you say one key thing to those people out there? Pete: Keep it simple. Simple as that. Get some help, get some support. Yeah. So healthcare professionals, all healthcare professionals are taught something called a medical model. Okay. And sometimes they forget that we haven't, we wasn't sitting beside them in medical school. And, you know, they just overcomplicate things. It's nothing personal. Yeah. It's only observation. I watch them on social media. I think to myself, boy, mate, you know, why are you complicating this? Because when you breaks down pain management, self-management, it ain’t got your science and, you know, when I was on the Input Program, and they were talking about the pacing, about taking a break before you think you need to, and I'm sitting here always saying to myself, well, that's common sense in it, but I wasn't doing it, you know, common sense to take a, take a rain check with all of us, you know? Helen: That's a great key message, Pete. So really that message is for the healthcare professionals as well, who are supporting people, hopefully to self-manage their pain and moving away from a, a kind of medical approach, but particularly for the people who live with pain long term, simple, practical skills for managing that and planning ahead to manage it in the long term, actually ends up with you having fun, more quality of life than trying to fight it and use things that don't work. And, I mean, I'm, you know, you know, that I, I work in this area myself. And so, part of my work is doing exactly what you're talking about is helping people to manage living well with their pain and building that confidence and quality of life, despite having that ongoing pain. And with the Pain Toolkit and the other things that you've mentioned, we'll put links onto our show page so that people can follow that up and find out more if they'd like to. But at this point, I would like to say, thank you so much for talking to us here, Pete, it's been great to have this conversation with you, and to hear about how you've come from being really managed by the pain and overwhelmed by it to living such a good quality of life and helping other people to do that as well. Thank you. Pete: Well, thank you. Thanks for inviting me on to do this podcast. Helen: Thanks for listening to another episode and for being part of our Let's Talk About CBT community. There are useful links related to every podcast in the show notes. If you have any questions or suggestions of what you'd like to hear about in future Let's Talk About CBT podcasts, we'd love to hear from you. Please email the Let's Talk About CBT team at [email protected], that's [email protected]. You can also follow us on X and Instagram at BABCP Podcasts. Please rate, review, and subscribe to the podcast by clicking subscribe wherever you get your podcasts, so that each new episode is automatically delivered to your library and do please share the podcast with your friends, colleagues, neighbours, and anyone else who might be interested. If you've enjoyed listening to this podcast, you might find our sister podcasts Let's talk about CBT- Practice Matters and Let's Talk about CBT- Research Matters well worth a listen.  
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  • Let’s talk about…how getting active, being in nature and having CBT can help after you’ve had a baby
    In this episode of Let’s Talk About CBT, host Helen Macdonald speaks with Sarah, Sally, and Leanne about Sarah’s experience of having Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) after giving birth. They explore how CBT helped Sarah regain control during a challenging postnatal period, addressing struggles such as insomnia, anxiety, and adjusting to new motherhood. Sarah shares her journey of balancing therapy with the therapeutic benefits of movement and time spent in nature. CBT therapists Sally and Leanne discuss the powerful combination of therapy, physical activity, and connecting with nature for improving mental health.  Useful links: NHS Choices- Insomnia-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/insomnia/  NHS Guidance on feeling depressed after childbirth: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/support-and-services/feeling-depressed-after-childbirth/ MIND information on how nature can help mental health: https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/tips-for-everyday-living/nature-and-mental-health/how-nature-benefits-mental-health/ For more on CBT the BABCP website is www.babcp.com Accredited therapists can be found at www.cbtregisteruk.com Listen to more episodes from Let’s Talk About CBT here. Credits: Music is Autmn Coffee by Bosnow from Uppbeat Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/bosnow/autumn-coffee License code: 3F32NRBYH67P5MIF This episode was produced and edited by Steph Curnow   Transcript: Helen: Hello, and welcome to Let's Talk About CBT, the podcast where we talk about cognitive and behavioural psychotherapies, what they are, what they can do, and what they can't. I'm Helen MacDonald, your host. I'm the senior clinical advisor for the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies Today I'm very pleased to have Sarah, Sally and Leanne here to talk with me about having CBT, in Sarah's case, when you've recently had a baby and also the value of getting more active and getting outside into nature and how that can help when you're also having CBT. Sarah, would you like to introduce yourself, please? Sarah: Hi, I'm Sarah. I'm, 37 from Sheffield and like I said, just recently had a baby, and she's absolutely wonderful. She is a happy, loud little bundle of joy. I ended up having CBT though, because the experience of having the baby wasn't what I thought it was going to be, I think is the reason. And I, just went a little bit mad, so I got some help. Yeah, I'm normally a very happy, positive, active person. Lots of friends, very sociable, always like to be doing things, always like to be in control and have a plan. I like to know what I'm doing and what everyone else is doing. And all that changed a little bit and I didn't really know what to do about it. So yeah, got some therapy. Helen: Thank you Sarah. So, we'll talk with you a bit more about what that was like. And first, Sally, would you like to just briefly say who you are? Sally: Yeah, so I'm, my name's Sally. I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, working both in the NHS and in, in private practice at the moment. Helen: Thank you. And Leanne, Leanne: Hi, I'm Leanne. and I'm a cognitive behavioural therapist as well. And I also work in the NHS and in private practice with Sally. Helen: Thank you all very much. What we're going to do is ask Sarah to tell us a bit more about, when you use the term mad, perhaps I could ask you to say a little bit more about what was happening for you that made you look for some therapy. Sarah: Wel the short answer to that is I developed insomnia about 12 weeks postnatally, didn't sleep for five days. Baby was sleeping better than most, you know, so it was equally frustrating because there was no real reason I didn't think that I should be awake. And sleep obviously is very important when you've had a baby. As I said, I like to be in control, like to prepare, like to know what's going on. So I did hypnobirthing, I prepared, I planned, I packed the biggest suitcase for this birth of this baby that I was really excited for and I thought I'd prepared mentally for every eventuality- what kind of birth, what would happen afterwards, but all very physical because they're the sorts of things that I could understand and imagine. And basically I ended up having an emergency C section, which in the moment I was fine with and I didn't think I was bothered by it, but the level of pain afterwards, that then again affected my level of control over looking after the baby. And the level of debilitation it created that I wasn't expecting- this is the key thing, I wasn't expecting it. That meant that I wasn't able to be me, really. I wasn't able to not least look after a baby, but get myself dressed, get myself showered, walk to the shop, drive a car, play netball, walk my dog. And I wasn't able to do any of that. I didn't appreciate that I was struggling with that, with accepting that. And because it went on for so long, and of course with this comes the baby blues that everyone talks about, but that's meant to only last apparently a couple of weeks. I, you know, you kind of just think, oh, well, I feel all this. I feel pain. I feel sad. I can't stop crying. But all that's meant to happen, all that's normal and it's sort of became the norm. So I was like, well, this is normal. This is how I'm going to feel forever. At this point I didn't have insomnia. I just could not stop crying. And I mean, like I couldn't, I didn't talk to anyone for two days at one point, because I knew if I opened my mouth to say anything, I would start crying. Like literally anything, I would just start crying. What the clincher for me was when I spoke to a doctor, I thought they were going to say get out and about, do some therapy, which at the time, I'm going to be honest, I thought, I can't sleep. I need a fix now. What I now know is I was doing a lot of behaviours that over time culminated in my body going, you're not listening to me, you're not well. Right I need to do something physical so that you wake up and do something about it. And that was the insomnia. So, I went to the doctor fully expecting them to say, do some mindfulness, do this, do that. And at that point I was just, you need to fix this now. I need to sleep. I need drugs. And yes, that's what they gave me, but they did say you need to do CBT- but what they did say what the first thing the doctor said was, you need antidepressants. Now, as a nurse working in GP surgery for them to jump all the self-help stuff and go take these tablets was like, Oh, right. I'm not okay. and it gave me that like allowance to say, I need to take tablets. But I already had said to myself, but I want to do not just mindfulness and helpfulness for myself. I want to do structured CBT because that way it is something I'm doing to give me back my control and I've got a plan. And because I already knew CBT was wonderful. Yeah, I didn't really understand what it was, how it worked, the structure of it. And I get that there's different types for different problems. but I knew that's what I wanted to do, once I had tablets to help me sleep and knew the antidepressants were going to work eventually, which did take a while. I was at least doing something myself that would help me forever. And I just thought, what have I got to lose? I need to do something. And until I started CBT, basically, I just felt like I was running around in circles in the dark. And the CBT gave me control and focus and, right, this is what we're doing going that way. Because until I started CBT, you know, I was Googling everything. Right, I'll try this. Right, I'll try that. And because it didn't work within 24 hours, I'd then try something else and try something else. Now it was making it worse, obviously. So, to have the CBT and have my therapist say, do this one thing for a whole week. I was like, all right, okay. That's quite a long time, but there's obviously a reason. Helen: Sarah, thank you for telling us all about that. What I'm hearing is that you had a combination of massive changes in your life, which will happen when you've had a baby, all sorts of things about the kind of person that you are, kind of added to all your really careful and sensible preparations for having this baby and then really being taken by surprise almost by all the other impact that it had on you and taking a while really to look for help and to look for a very specific kind of help then. And I'm just wondering in the context of all that, what it was like when you first went to see Sally for therapy? Sarah: Well, like I say, it was brilliant. It was like having someone turn the lights on and point me in the right direction and say, right, head that way and don't turn off and don't go any other direction. Just keep going that way. And it will eventually result in this. It's like if you go to the gym and you're running on the treadmill and you're thinking, well, is this going to achieve what I want it to achieve? And until it does start to, you've not got that positive reinforcement, to keep going. So quite often you stop, and that's what I was doing. I was trying one thing, trying the next, because I was so desperate for it to just go away, this insomnia. Which obviously at the time was one thing, but I understand now there was a whole other problem going on but the insomnia was what I needed fixing. I found CBT for insomnia, but Sally said, do you want to do a more generic anxiety control type approach and I said, yeah, because that's what if before this, you know, five, six years ago, little things would happen. And I think, Oh, I should do CBT for that. So it's clearly the same thing. So yeah. Why don't we just tackle it as a whole? And that was definitely the best thing to do. Helen: It sounds as if one of the things that was really helpful was looking at the bigger picture, as well as focusing on taking enough time to make changes. Okay. Can you tell us about the specific things that you did in therapy that you saw as particularly helpful. Sarah: Yeah. Like you say, what was helpful was being given a timeline really, and a direction. Like I say, when you go to the gym, you're not sure if it's going to work, I had to just trust Sally that what was she was explaining to me was going to work. And of course, at the time I couldn't see how it was going to work, but at least someone I trusted was telling me it will this, just do this? What was most helpful I could say was being told you've got to do the homework yourself. There's no point in being just told stuff. It was explained to me. And then what was helpful was then being told, go away and do this one thing for a whole week and then we'll review. So it really just broke down my thoughts, behaviours, my thought processes that I was going at such a hundred miles an hour that I wasn't giving, even giving myself time to think or realise I was having, and essentially that's what CBT is, you know, making you stop, think and unpick your thoughts and your behaviours and then trying to change them accordingly. So yeah, that the homework was helpful. And then obviously reviewing that homework, which with, before I even got to the review, a week later, I was able to physically feel and see why I was being asked to do what I was being asked to do. Helen: And I'm just thinking the analogy that you used there about being in the gym that you wouldn't necessarily expect to be super fit or running five miles the first time you got on the treadmill, but there was something that was tending to make you, you use the word desperate really to make a difference immediately. Because things needed to change. And during the therapy, was there anything that you found particularly challenging or something that either you and Sally talked about it, but you really didn't want to try it? Sarah: Well, as the weeks moved on, obviously the challenges that the homework got harder because it asked you to delve further in and make the changes of what you've, you know, you've realized just to give an idea, essentially the first week, I was asked to literally rate my happiness per hour as to what I was doing. Sounds simple. It is simple, but very quickly I realised, well, this doesn't make me as happy. So why am I doing it? And then of course you stop doing it because you know, it doesn't make you happy. And then over time, there's less time that you're unhappy. The second week, it was a bit more detail, rate how anxious certain things make you., So that was all fine. But once it got to the weeks where it was highlight the things that you've found out make you anxious, now do them or don't do them. Or, you know, if there's something you're doing to make yourself feel better, but actually you've realised it doesn't really work, it actually has a negative effect later on, don't do it. And if there's something that you're avoiding, but you know probably will make you feel better- do it. So that's obviously that's the scary bit because you've literally facing the spider, if that's what your problem is. but again, like every other stage during the CBT, I found it really easy. The main thing was I trusted Sally and also had nothing to lose.  One of the things, the behaviours that we realized I was doing was seeking reassurance from people on hypothetical worries. So you Google, you ask your experienced mums, why is my baby this colour or not sleeping or eating or the poo looks like this? They can't answer that. And you're wanting them to reply, Oh, it's this. And of course they can't. So, or I'd say to my husband, am I going to sleep tonight? He doesn't know that. And by doing that, I would reinforce the anxiety. But yeah, that was an example of something I stopped myself doing. And within days I realized, Oh, there was that thing that normally I would have asked about or Googled. I didn't. And actually nothing bad happened and I forgot all about it. Cause that was the worry was that it all comes back to sleep. If I didn't ask, would I then lie awake at night worrying I don't know what the answer is, but I didn't. So yeah, the hardest bit was actually stopping certain behaviours or starting certain behaviours. But actually I found it very easy once I had done because the positive reinforcement was there, you know, it worked. Helen: Thank you, Sarah. And, in a couple of minutes, I'm going to bring Sally into the conversation to talk about her reflections on what you've just been saying. Overall though, what are the things that you're still using now from what happened in therapy? What are the things that you learned and how are things now compared with when you first went to see Sally. Sarah: Well, things are great. I'm on antidepressants still. I'm going to see the doctor soon. Cause they want you to be on those for six months before you even think about coming off them. I feel myself now, so I feel confident to do that. Um, and because I'm healed, I'm back to being myself physically. I play netball, I walk the dog. I mean, I walked for four hours yesterday because of dog walking and pushing the pram around and played netball as well. So that helps, you know, being out and about physically, being in nature where I would normally be definitely helps my mood. The CBT a hundred percent has helped because there's been change again with the baby. So we've gone from breastfeeding to weaning, sleep changes, cause it's all about sleep, putting her in her own room, thinking when she's going to wake up, is she okay? Am I going to get back to sleep? Is there any point in me going to sleep? Cause she can be awake in this many hours. You know, that's a whole new challenge that I've had to deal with and there's been times that I've stopped and thought, Ooh. There's a thing I'm doing here and it's a behaviour that we recognised was what I was doing originally, which when I did it too much caused the problem. So, I've been able to really be more self-aware, basically, checking with myself and go, stop that. You don't need to do that. Everything will be fine. And guess what it is. Helen: Well, that's really good to hear. And what I'm also hearing is that it's not just that therapy helped, is that you're still using the techniques that you learn in the therapy. Sarah: I am. And also, I meant to say. This might not be the same for everybody, but it's quite important for myself because I'm not at work at the moment, you know, I'm a nurse. I've lost a sense of not purpose, but people come to me every day at work asking for help and support and advice. And I love to be able to do that and hear them say that's really helped, thank you. And since having the CBT, because it is something people are more happy to talk about nowadays, the amount of people I've spoken to that have said, Oh, I've done CBT or Oh, I'm thinking about, I've been told I should do CBT. Or none of that just I'm doing this behaviour and I'm not happy. I feel like I've been able to be a mini therapist to a few other people. I've been able to pass the torch a little bit because even though the problem they might be having is different to insomnia or anxiety, a lot of what Sally taught me was, I found, they were telling me things and I was thinking, well, I'll just say this thing that I do because it would work. And I've been able to relay what Sally said to so many people. And that's given me a lot of, joy because I've been able to help people. And they've said, Oh, right. Brilliant. You know, either they've gone to therapy because I've told them why they should because they didn't have anyone telling them that before, they've gone and then come back and gone, that was great. Or they've said to me, Oh, I didn't think anybody else was on Sertraline. 80 percent of the country are on Sertraline. It's fine. And that gives them support. Or like I say, the little technique Sally taught me, I've said, do this. And then they’ve come back and gone, do you know that really helped. So that's been nice for me too. Helen: Well, if there's somebody out there listening to this, who hasn't had that kind of conversation with you, or someone else who's recommended CBT or things that you can do to help in a situation like that. Is there anything that you would want to say about, CBT or looking after your mental health that anybody out there who hasn't encountered it before might need to know or want to hear. Sarah: It's free, most of the time. It's something that will help you for the rest of your life. Unlike, you know, a course of antibiotics. it's something that gives you control. It doesn't hurt, there's no injections. It's brilliant. Talk to people, I think is the key thing, not least your doctor, because obviously that's a private conversation. But again, as working in a GP surgery, I know that majority of health issues that come through the door, there's always an in for therapy. There's always a little bit of whatever they've come in with. Do you know what therapy could help that?  It should be the crux of everything. You know whenever a patient comes to see me, I can't think of many situations where I don't say, do you know what would help? Drinking more water. I feel like it's just as important as that in terms of you can't fix something up here if you don't get your foundation and your foundation is nourishment and happiness and the therapy made me happier because I had more control, and was less anxious and more relaxed and, you know, just chill. So I think just talk to people, not least your GP, if you don't want to talk to someone personally. Helen: From my point of view, that's a great message, Sarah. Thank you so much for sharing that with us. And what I'm going to do now is I'm going to ask Sally, just to talk a little bit, I could see, I know our listeners can't see our faces, but I could see Sally smiling when you were saying some of the things that she told you to do. And I'd be really interested to hear Sally's reflections on her therapy with you and how you work together. Sally: Yeah, absolutely. It was brilliant working with Sarah and I think it's really nice to see where she's at now and also the fact that she's still using a lot of those tools that she learned and that she put into practice and, I think one of the things that was really good is that Sarah was ready. She was ready to engage. She wanted to do, you know, she wanted to do all of the things. She wanted to practice everything. She was ready there with the notebook, every session kind of, you know, making notes, taking it all in. And that's brilliant because that's what you need in CBT is really just to come with an open mind and just think about things in a different way. So that was really good. And I think as well, one of the things we discussed before we started the therapy was, time away from the baby. So this was Sarah's time, you know, this was an hour a week where, Sarah's husband or mum would look after the baby and this would be Sarah's hour where it's just about Sarah and it's just about this therapy and the CBT and so it was really important that she had that time and that space with no distractions. And so that I think that worked really well. We did some face to face and some remote via Teams sessions together. And I think one of the, one of the sort of challenges initially, as Sarah's mentioned before, Sarah's problem was that she couldn't sleep, that's what Sarah came with, it was a sleep problem. And it took us a little bit of time to sort of think about that together and unpick it together and go, actually, do we think it might be a symptom of a bigger picture, something else that's going on. And so we talked a bit over time and agreed as Sarah mentioned that actually it probably feels like more of a generalized anxiety and worry problem that was going on that was then impacting on the sleep. We spent quite a bit of time just exploring that and we did some fun experiments and things as the sessions went on, which is probably what I was smiling along to because I know it's not always easy for clients to, to sort of do those things and want to drop things like reassurance seeking. It's a safety net. And it's hard to drop that sometimes. Helen: Thanks, Sally. You've just said two things there that I would really like to explore a little bit more. You said fun experiments and reassurance seeking. So can you explain what you mean by those please? Sally: Of course. So, suppose I say fun because experiments are quite fun, aren't they sometimes. I know it's not easy to push yourself out of your comfort zone but I think we, me and Sarah had a bit of a laugh about some of the things that, you know, in the session, once we'd sort of sat down together and said, okay, so you're asking all of these other mums, for example, you know, what would they do in this situation, or like Sarah mentioned, what does it mean that my baby is this colour or that this is here and, you know, as we sort of broke it down together we could sort of see that, oh, actually, yeah, that they don't know. They're not going to be able to tell me this. My husband doesn't know if I'm going to be able to sleep tonight or not. So I'm asking this, but actually it's not getting me anywhere. So I suppose we almost got to a point where we could sort of see the funny side to those questions. And actually that helped, I think a little bit with then, right. How do we drop these things? How do we experiment with them? How do we move forward? And that really started to increase Sarah's confidence. And I could see that from session to session, you know, she wasn't asking other people, she was just allowing herself to rely on her own thoughts and her own experiences. And that worked really well for her. Helen: So there's something quite important about testing things out, finding out for yourself really having the experience of what it's like to do something differently and check whether that works in your particular situation. There was another phrase that Sarah used as well, which was positive reinforcement. I think we should just mention that's about essentially what reward you get or what is it that happens that makes you more likely to do something again. And that's what positive reinforcement means. It's just something that happens after we've done something that makes it more likely we'll do it again. And, to me, it sounds like one example of that was making it fun, testing these things out and actually getting something rewarding out of it was part of that journey. Sally: Yeah, absolutely. I think that's a big part of it. Helen: And one of the things that made me smile when you were speaking, Sarah, was when you were talking about what Sally told you to do. And what things you ended up trying out for homework and those sorts of things, the way Sally's talked about it was deciding together, discussing it. I'd be really interested to hear a bit more about do you get told what to do in CBT or is it more you end up in a position where you've decided to do it? Sarah: No, you don't get told what to do. Of course. It's all very, like Sally says, you talk about it and then together decide what might be the best experiments is a good word. Cause everyone's different. Obviously, my exact path of how we got from A to B probably might not work for somebody else. Like Sally says, I came with a notebook, wrote everything down, did homework, because that works for me. No, she didn't tell me what to do. And what was funny as well was Sally's very good at just sitting back and letting you talk, which works because I talk a lot. So she sits back and she's very good at just sort of nudging you to realisations on your own, because if someone tells you that you think something or that you should do something, it doesn't really mean much. If you think it through yourself, because someone's supported you towards that thought process, you believe it more. It makes more sense. And you're like, ah, you know, the cogs go a bit slower, but then you get there. And so over the weeks I would be reflecting on what I'd been doing for Sally, myself, but with the homework. And she'd just go, and so do you think, and what do you reckon? And then I'd go off on another blah, blah, blah, and come back to a realisation that, and she'd have this sort of pleasing grin on her face, of yes that's where I was hoping you'd get to, but you need to get there yourself, obviously. And I was just like, really proud of myself, but also proud of, chuffed for her that it was going in the right direction, it was working. Helen: It's good to hear that you are proud and also it's good for me here listening to you both talk about this because we do talk in CBT about guided discovery and that's exactly what you've just described to us is that idea that it's you that's looking at what's happening And the therapist is perhaps asking you some well-placed questions, but it is about you and what you need and your process and drawing your conclusions from what you've discovered. It's good to hear you talking about that experience. And I'm just thinking about, at the beginning, we did mention that getting active, getting out into nature and things to do with moving more were an important part of the therapy and I'd really like to bring Leanne in as well to talk about how getting active, getting out into nature might be an important part of that therapy journey. Leanne: Oh, lovely, yeah it's something that Sally and I do a lot in our CBT because we recognize that the cognitive behavioural therapy has a really strong evidence base. There's a lot of research that says that it works and it's useful for lots of common mental health problems. But we also know that there's a really strong evidence base for exercise. Exercise is known to be one of the best antidepressants. And there's research as well that says that being in nature has a massive mood boosting effect. And if you pull all those three things together, then surely the outcome can only be brilliant if you've got lots and lots of really good evidence to say that, you know, any one of these variables on its own is going to help you, but let's combine the three. So, so we are huge advocates of including that in the work that we do as much as possible for lots and lots of different reasons, but you know, that sits underneath it all. It can be so good for mood. And also from our own experience I know I feel better when I've blown the cobwebs off, or we've got outside, or I felt the wind on my face, or I've been in nature. I've just moved a little bit. So from personal experience, both Sally and I can say it works. Helen: That's really good to hear, Leanne. And I'm just thinking, I can hear the enthusiasm in your voice and certainly we do know about that effect on wellbeing on getting out in the fresh air, moving more, and how important that is. And without taking away from how important that is, Sarah was talking about she just had major surgery. A caesarean section is actually quite a big operation. She's also got a tiny baby, so at least in the immediate short term, it would have been really difficult for her to move much or get out in the fresh air very much. And it might be the case not only for people who've recently had a baby, even without the surgery, it can have quite a big impact on your body but also perhaps for people with other challenges to getting out and about and moving and I'm just wondering, how can people still benefit from combining getting more active with things that might help say anxiety and depression when they do have challenges about getting out and about? Leanne: I think the first thing that comes to mind is to get medical guidance to kind of find out from somebody who knows your body as well as you do about what's appropriate and what's doable, before you start leaping into exercise or doing anything. And I think it's about trying to find ways just to move a little bit, whether that's, you know, stretching or things like chairobics or chair yoga, those kinds of things can be things that people do at home when they have limitations or pain or, you know, anything like that, but within the realms of, I suppose you've got to pace it within your capabilities and what's appropriate for you. But things like connecting with nature. I was looking into this prior to was talking today and things like birdwatching and looking out of the window or doing a little bit of gardening or tending to window boxes and those kinds of things can give you the same powerful effects of connecting with nature and a bit of activity too. It's not about, I suppose when we think about exercise and we think about movement, we often think about the Olympics and we think about marathon runners and we think about going to the gym and lifting really heavy weights over your head. And it doesn't have to be like that. It can be small things often and Sally and I were talking about this before about, the NHS recommendations and we worked out that it's about 20 minutes a day of movement that's helpful. And also, if you add 20 minutes a day in nature so you do 20 minutes moving around in nature every day, that's going to have a huge effect. So if you can find a way to, to do a little bit, a little walk, a little stretch, look out the window, even watch a nature documentary, that has a massive effect on your mood as well, because it's connecting with nature but in a different way, you don’t have to leave the house for that. How does that answer your question Helen? Helen: It does thank you, Leanne. And I'm really pleased to hear you say that it doesn't have to involve buying expensive equipment or joining the gym. You don't have to live on the edges of a beautiful park or something like that. It's something that you can do whatever your living circumstances are. There’s all sorts of creative ways that you can incorporate this as part of recovering, improving depression and anxiety and your mental health more generally. And I wonder whether, Sarah has any comments about that, Sarah, because you did mention how important that was to you even before you had your baby, and of course there would have been quite a big change to what was available to you immediately after you had her. Just wondered what your responses to what Leanne's just been saying about that. Sarah: Yeah, I mean, like I said at the very beginning, my expectations of getting back to being myself were not met. And so the big things were, I actually made a list for and showed Sally of things that I'd written down saying, and I entitled it Getting Back To Me. And it was in order of, I just want to be able to make tea for my husband, walk the dog with the baby. These are all things that I just thought I'm never going to be. I don't understand how I'm going to be able to do these. And every time I did them, I was like, oh look, I'm doing that. You know, playing netball and the big one was paddle boarding, and I did it the other week and I was like, oh yeah paddle boarding. Like Leanne says, when it was very important for me as someone who's very active and I'm outdoors with the dog in the countryside all the time to get back to that. And like Leanne says though, it doesn't have to be going for a run. You know, my level of, well, what do I want to achieve was forced to be lowered, if you like, that's the wrong word, changed and because what I hadn't realized on top of taking the dog for a walk was whilst I'm there, I'm listening to the water. I'm listening to the birds. I'm feeling, I'm smelling, I'm all these things. And I didn't realise all that had been took away from me. And so that was adding to how miserable I was. And, like Leanne says, it doesn't have to be right. I need to be able to go for a run. It can just be find yourself back in something that makes you feel happy. And I think one of the techniques I wanted to just mention as well, that Sally taught me, when Leanne mentioned about you doing 20 minutes a day of being in nature or exercising, so that you make sure that you really are doing that to its fullest and you're not, you know, birdwatching whilst washing the dishes or thinking about what you need to make for tea. She taught me a five, four, three, two, one mindfulness technique, which basically is whilst you're tending to your bird box or whatever you're doing, think of five things that you can see. Four things you can hear, three things you can smell, two things you can feel, a one thing you can taste or something like that. And not only does that focus your mind for that minute on those things. It's really nice to think, Oh, I didn't know I could hear that I'm tuning into it. And then you do it again, five minutes later or as much as you want or, and it stops the thought processes that are negative as well, because you're focusing on that, but it just makes sure that when you're in the nature bit you are really soaking it all in as much as possible. Helen: Thank you for that, Sarah. And I'm just thinking, we've had a really interesting conversation about your experience of therapy, Sarah, Sally's and Leanne's thoughts about what they're doing in therapy and what. seems to help people to benefit from it. I was wondering if I could ask each of you in turn, what's your most important message that you'd want people out there to know? So, Sally, what do you think is one key thing that you would want people out there to know? Sally: I would say that mental health difficulties are common and it's not something that you have to sort of put up with or that you're stuck with, I suppose, for the long term, often there are a lot of quite often very simple techniques that you can practice and try and learn either with or without therapy, that can just really help to manage those, either the feelings of low mood or those anxiety feelings as well so, it doesn't have to be a major change. There's a lot out there and a lot of cost-effective things as well that you can get involved with that can just really help to boost your mood. Helen: Thank you, Sally. Leanne. Leanne: Oh, it's such a good question. I think what I'd really like people to think about is thinking about mental health, the way we think about fitness and physical health and spending time each day doing something that nourishes and nurtures mental fitness, let's call it. In the same way that we might, you know, drink some water, like Sarah said, take our vitamins and have something to eat and try and have good sleep, but moving in the direction of thinking about our mental fitness being on the agenda all the time so that I suppose it normalises asking for help and talking about things and looking after yourself and, and good wellbeing all round. Because I think people often really struggle, don't talk about it and then come for therapy when they've been on their own with it for a very long time. Helen: Thank you very much, Leanne. And Sarah, what do you think you would want people out there to know, one key thing that you'd like to say? Sarah: Probably that if you think something's not quite right or something really isn't right and you just don't, you're not sure what, you don't have to know, you don't have to be able to go to a doctor and say I've got this problem, can you fix it please? Doctors are just as, they're well trained to know when someone needs referring for therapy. So yes, that's who you need to probably go to first in a professional manner but if you just go and say, okay, this is how I feel, blah, blah, blah. They'll pick up and know, actually, you would benefit from therapy because it sounds like this might be happening or going on and then you get referred to someone obviously who's even more specialised, a therapist, and they can sit back and listen to you just offload and say, these are the things that's happening, I'm not happy because of this, that and the other, and they'll go, right, It could be this, shall we try that? And so, yeah, you don't have to have all the answers, I think, is my key thing. but you need to ask for them, Helen: Fantastic. Thank you so much. All three of you have been excellent at telling us about your experience and knowledge, and I’d just like to express how grateful I am for all three of you talking with me today. Thank you. Thanks for listening to another episode and for being part of our Let's Talk About CBT community. There are useful links related to every podcast in the show notes. If you have any questions or suggestions of what you'd like to hear about in future Let's Talk About CBT podcasts, we'd love to hear from you. Please email the Let's Talk About CBT team at [email protected], that's [email protected]. You can also follow us on X and Instagram at BABCP Podcasts. Please rate, review, and subscribe to the podcast by clicking subscribe wherever you get your podcasts, so that each new episode is automatically delivered to your library and do please share the podcast with your friends, colleagues, neighbours, and anyone else who might be interested. If you've enjoyed listening to this podcast, you might find our sister podcasts Let's talk about CBT- Practice Matters and Let's Talk about CBT- Research Matters well worth a listen.  
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  • Let's talk about... going to CBT for the first time
    We’re back! Let’s Talk about CBT has been on hiatus for a little while but now it is back with a brand-new host Helen Macdonald, the Senior Clinical Advisor for the BABCP. Each episode Helen will be talking to experts in the different fields of CBT and also to those who have experienced CBT, what it was like for them and how it helped. This episode Helen is talking to one of the BABCP’s Experts by Experience, Paul Edwards. Paul experienced PTSD after working for many years in the police. He talks to Helen about the first time he went for CBT and what you can expect when you first see a CBT therapist. The conversation covers various topics, including anxiety, depression, phobias, living with a long-term health condition, and the role of measures and outcomes in therapy. In this conversation, Helen MacDonald and Paul discuss the importance of seeking help for mental health struggles and the role of CBT in managing anxiety and other conditions. They also talk about the importance of finding an accredited and registered therapy and how you can find one. If you liked this episode and want to hear more, please do subscribe wherever you get your podcasts. You can follow us at @BABCPpodcasts on X or email us at [email protected]. Useful links: For more on CBT the BABCP website is www.babcp.com Accredited therapists can be found at www.cbtregisteruk.com Credits: Music is Autmn Coffee by Bosnow from Uppbeat Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/bosnow/autumn-coffee License code: 3F32NRBYH67P5MIF   Transcript: Helen: Hello, and welcome to Let's Talk About CBT, the podcast where we talk about cognitive and behavioural psychotherapies, what they are, what they can do, and what they can't. I'm Helen Macdonald, your host. I'm the senior clinical advisor for the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies. I'm really delighted today to be joined by Paul Edwards, who is going to talk to us about his experience of CBT. And Paul, I would like to start by asking you to introduce yourself and tell us a bit about you. Paul: Helen, thank you. I guess the first thing it probably is important to tell the listeners is how we met and why I'm talking to you now. So, we originally met about four years ago when you were at the other side of a desk at a university doing an assessment on accreditation of a CBT course, and I was sitting there as somebody who uses his own lived experience, to talk to the students, about what it's like from this side of the fence or this side of the desk or this side of the couch, I suppose, And then from that I was asked if I'd like to apply for a role that was being advertised by the BABCP, as advising as a lived experience person. And I guess my background is, is a little bit that I actually was diagnosed with PTSD back in 2009 now, as a result of work that I undertook as a police officer and unfortunately, still suffered until 2016 when I had to retire and had to reach out. to another, another psychologist because I'd already had dealings with psychologists, but, they were no longer available to me. And I actually found what was called at the time, the IAPT service, which was the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies. And after about 18 months treatment, I said, can I give something back and can I volunteer? And my life just changed. So, we met. Yeah, four years ago, probably now. Helen: thank you so much, Paul. And we're really grateful to you for sharing those experiences. And you said about having PTSD, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and how it ultimately led to you having to retire. And then you found someone who could help. Would you like to just tell us a bit about what someone might not know about being on the receiving end of CBT? Paul: I feel that actual CBT is like a physiotherapy for the brain. And it's about if you go to the doctors and they diagnose you with a calf strain, they'll send you to the physio and they'll give you a series of exercises to do in between your sessions with your physio to hopefully make your calf better. And CBT is very much, for me, like that, in as much that you have your sessions with your therapist, but it's your hard work in between those sessions to utilize the tools and exercises that you've been given, to make you better. And then when you go back to your next session, you discuss that and you see, over time that you're honing those tools to actually sometimes realising that you're not using those tools at all, but you are, you're using them on a daily basis, but they become so ingrained in changing the way you think positively and also taking out the negativity about how you can improve. And, and yeah, it works sometimes, and it doesn't work sometimes and it's bloody hard work and it is shattering, but it works for me. Helen: Thank you, Paul. And I think it's really important when you say it's hard work, the way you described it there sounds like the therapist was like the coach telling you how to or working with you to. look at how you were thinking and what you were doing and agreeing things that you could change and practice that were going to lead to a better quality of life. At the same time though, you're thinking about things that are really difficult. Paul: Yeah. Helen: And when you say it was shattering and it was really difficult, was it worth it? Paul: Oh God. Yeah, absolutely. I remember way back in about 2018, it would be, that there was, there was a fantastic person who helped me when I was coming up for retirement. And we talked about what I was going to do when I, when I left the police and I was, you know, I said, you know, well, I don't know, but maybe I've always fancied being a TV extra and, That was it. And I saw her about 18 months later, and she said, God, Paul, you look so much better. You're not grey anymore. You know, what have you done about this? And it was like, she said I was a different person. Do I still struggle? Yes. Have I got a different outlook on life? Yes. Do I still have to take care of myself? Yes. But, I've got a great life now. I'm living the dream is my, is my phrase. It is such a better place to be where I am now. Helen: I'm really pleased to hear that, Paul. So, the hard work that you put into changing things for the better has really paid off and that doesn't mean that everything's perfect or that you're just doing positive thinking in the face of difficulty, you've got a different approach to handling those difficulties and you've got a better quality of life. Paul: Yeah, absolutely. And don't get me wrong, I had some great psychologists before 2016, but I concentrated on other things and we dealt with other traumas and dealt with it in other ways and using other, other ways of working. I became subjected to probably re traumatising myself because of the horrendous things I'd seen and heard. So, it was about just changing my thought processes and, and my psychologist said, Well, you know, we don't want to re traumatise you, let's look at something different. Let's look at a different part and see if we can change that. And, and that was, very difficult, but it meant that I had to look into myself again and be honest with myself and start thinking about my honesty and what I was going to tell my psychologist because I wanted to protect that psychologist because I didn't want them to hear and talk about the things that I'd had to witness because I didn't think it was fair, but I then understood that I needed to and that my psychologist would be taken care of. Which was, which was lovely. So, I became able to be honest with myself, which therefore I can be honest with my therapist. Helen: Thank you, Paul. And what I'm hearing there is that one of your instincts, if you like, in that situation was to protect the therapist from hearing difficult stuff. And actually the therapist themselves have their own opportunity to talk about what's difficult for them. So, the person who's coming for therapy can speak freely, although I'm saying that it's quite difficult to do. And certainly Post Traumatic Stress Disorder isn't the only thing that people go for CBT about, there are a number of different anxiety difficulties, depression, and also a wider range of things, including how to live well with a long term health condition and your experience could perhaps really help in terms of somebody going for their first session, not knowing what to expect. As a CBT therapist, I have never had somebody lie down on a couch. So, tell us a little bit about what you think people should know if they are thinking of going for CBT or if they think that somebody they care about might benefit from CBT. What's it like going for that first appointment? Paul: Bloody difficult. It's very difficult because by the very nature of the illnesses that we have that we want to go and speak to a psychologist, often we're either losing confidence or we're, we're anxious about going. So I have a phrase now and it's called smiley eyes and it, and it was developed because the very first time that I walked up to the, the place that I had my CBT in 2016, the receptionist opened the door and had these most amazing engaging smiley eyes and it, it drew me in. And I thought, wow. And then when I walked through the door and saw the psychologist again, it was like having a chat. It was, I feel that for me, I know now, I know now. And I've spoken to a number of psychologists who say it's not just having a chat. It is to me. And that is the gift of a very good psychologist, that they are giving you all these wonderful things. But it's got to be a collaboration. It's got to be like having a chat. We don't want to be lectured, often. I didn't want to have homework because I hated homework at school. So, it was a matter of going in and, and talking with my psychologist about how it worked for me as an individual, and that was the one thing that with the three psychologists that I saw, they all treated me as an individual, which I think is very, very important, because what works for one person doesn't work for another. Helen: So it's really important that you trust the person and you make a connection. A good therapist will make you feel at ease, make you feel as safe as you can to talk about difficult stuff. And it's important that you do get on with each other because you're working closely together. You use the word collaboration and it's definitely got to be about working together. Although you said earlier, you're not sure about the word expert, you're the expert on what's happening to you, even though the therapist will have some expertise in what might help, the kind of things to do and so there was something very important about that initial warmth and greeting from the service as well as the therapist. Paul: Oh, absolutely. And you know, as I said earlier, I'm honoured to speak at some universities to students who are learning how to be therapists. And the one thing I always say to them is think about if somebody tells you their innermost thoughts, they might never have told anybody and they might have only just realised it and accepted it themselves. So think about if you were sitting, thinking about, should I put in this thesis to my lecturer? I'm not sure about it. And how nervous you feel. Think about that person on the other side of the, you know, your therapy room or your zoom call or your telephone call, thinking about that. What they're going to be feeling. So to get through the door, we've probably been through where we've got to admit it to ourselves. We then got to admit it to somebody else. Sometimes we've then got to book the appointment. We then got to get in the car to get the appointment or turn on the computer. And then we've got to actually physically get there and walk through. And then when we're asked the question, we're going to tell you. We've been through a lot of steps every single time that we go for therapy. It's not just the first time, it's every time because things develop. So, you know, it's, it's fantastic to have the ability to want to tell someone that. So when I say it's fantastic to have the ability, I mean, in the therapist, having the ability to, to make it that you want to tell them that because you trust them. Helen: So that first appointment, it might take quite a bit of determination to turn up in spite of probably feeling nervous and not completely knowing what to expect, but a good therapist will really make the effort to connect with you and then gently try to find out what the main things are that you have come for help with and give you space to work out how you want to say what you want to say so that you both got , a shared understanding of what's going on.So your therapist really does know, or has a good sense of what might help. So, when you think about that very first session and what your expectations were and what you know now about having CBT, what would you say are the main things that are different? Paul: Oh, well, I don't actually remember my first session because I was so poorly. I found out afterwards there was three of us in the room because the psychologist had a student in there, but I was, I, I didn't know, but I still remember those smiley eyes and I remember the smiley eyes of the receptionist. And I remember the smiley eyes of my therapist. And I knew I was in the right place. I felt that this person cared for me and was interested and, you know, please don't think that the, the psychologist before I didn't feel that, you know, they were fantastic, but I was in a different place. I didn't accept it myself. I had different boundaries. I wanted to stay in the police. I, you know, I thought, well, if I, you know, if I admit this, I'm not going to have my, my job and I can't do my job. So a hundred percent of me was giving to my job. And unfortunately, that meant that the rest of my life couldn't cope, but my job and my professionalism never waned because I made sure of that, but it meant that I hadn't got the room in my head and the space in my head for family and friends. And it was at the point that I realized that. It wasn't going to be helpful for the rest of my life that I had to say, you know what, I'm going to have to, something's going to have to give now. And unfortunately, that was, you know, my career, but up until that point, I'm proud to say that I worked at the highest level and I gave a hundred percent. Now I realised that I have to have a life work balance rather than a work life balance, because I put life first. And I say that to everybody have a life work balance. It doesn't mean you can't have a good work ethic. It doesn't mean you can't work hard. It's just what's important in that. So what's the difference between the first session then and the first session now? Well, I didn't remember the first session. Now, I know that that psychologist was there to help me and there to test me and to look at my weaknesses. Look at my issues, but also look at my strengths and make me realize I'd got some because I didn't realise I had. Helen: That's really important, Paul, and thank you for sharing what that was like. I really appreciate that you've been so open and up front with me about those experiences. Paul: So let's turn this round to you then Helen as a therapist And you talked about lots of conditions, and things that people could have help with seeing a CBT therapist because obviously I have PTSD and I have the associated anxiety and depression and I still deal with that. What are the other things that people can have help with that they, some that they do have heard, have heard of, but other things that they might not know can be helped by CBT? Helen: Well, that's a really good question. And I would say that CBT is particularly good at helping people with anxiety and depression. So different kinds of anxiety, many people will have heard, for example, of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD, or Generalized Anxiety Disorder where people worry a lot, and it's very ordinary to worry, but when it gets out of hand, other things like phobias, for example, where the anxiety is much more than you'd expect for the amount of danger people sometimes worry too much about getting ill or being ill, so they might have an illness anxiety. Those are very common anxiety difficulties that people have. CBT, I mean, you've already mentioned this, but CBT is also very good for depression. Whether that's a relatively short term episode of really low mood, or whether it's more severe and ongoing, then perhaps the less well known things that CBT is good for. For example, helping people live well if they have a psychotic disorder, maybe hearing voices, for example, or having beliefs that are quite extreme and unusual, and want to have help with that. It's also very good for living with a long term health condition where there isn't anything medical that can cure the condition, but for example, living well with something like diabetes or long term pain. Paul: interestingly, you spoke about phobias then, Is the work that a good therapist doing just in the, the consulting room or just over, the, this telephone or, or do you do other things? I'm thinking of somebody I knew who had a phobia of, particular escalators and heights, and they were told to go out and do that. You know, try and go on an escalator and, they managed to get up to the top floor of Selfridges in Birmingham because that's where the shoes were and that helped. But would you just, you know, would you just talk about these things, or do you go out and about or do you encourage people to, to do these with you and without? Helen: Again, that's, that's a really good point, Paul, and the psychotherapy answer is it depends. So let's think about some examples. So sometimes you will be mostly in the therapist's office or, and as you've mentioned, sometimes on the phone or it can be on a video call. but sometimes it's really, really useful to go out and do something together. And when you said about somebody who's afraid of being on an escalator, sometimes it really helps to find a way of doing that step by step and doing it together. So, whether that's together with someone else that you trust or with the therapist, you might start off by finding what's the easiest escalator that we've got locally that we can use and let's do that together. And let me walk up the stairs and wait for you and you do it on your own, but I'll be there waiting. Then you do it on your own and come back down and meet me. Then go and do it with a friend and then do it on your own. So, there's a process of doing this step by step. So you are facing the fear, you are challenging how difficult it is to do this when you're anxious. But you find a place where you can take the anxiety with you successfully, so we don't drop you in the deep end. We don't suddenly say, right, you're going all the way to the fifth floor now. We start one step at a time, but we do know that you want to get to the shoes or whatever your own personal goal and motivation is there's got to be a good reason to do it gives you something to aim towards, but also when you've done it, there's a real sense of achievement. And if I'm honest as a therapist, it's delightful for me as well as for the person I'm working with when we do achieve that. Sometimes it isn't necessarily that we're facing a phobia, but it might be that we're testing out something. Maybe, I believe that it's really harmful for me to leave something untidy or only check something once. We might do an experiment and test out what it's like to change what we're doing at the moment and see what happens. And again, it's about agreeing it together. It's not my job to tell somebody what to go and do. It's my job to work with somebody to make sure that they've got the tools they need to take their anxiety with them. And sometimes that anxiety will get less, it'll get more manageable. Sometimes it goes away altogether, but that's not something I would promise. What I would do is work my very hardest to make the anxiety so that the person can manage it successfully and live their life to the full, even if they do still have some. Paul: And, and for me, I think one of the things that I remember is that my, you know, my mental health manifested itself in physical symptoms as well. So it was like when I was thinking about things, I was feeling sick, I was feeling tearful. and that's, that's to be expected at times, isn't it? And, and even when you're facing your fears or you’re talking through what you're experiencing. It's, it's, it's a normal thing. And, and even when I had pure CBT, it can be exhausting. And I said to my therapist, please. Tell people that, you know, your therapy doesn't end in the session. And it's okay to say to people, well, go and have a little walk around, make sure you can get somebody to pick you up or make sure you can get home or make sure you've got a bit of a safe space for half an hour afterwards and you haven't got to, you know, maybe pick the kids up or whatever, because that that's important time for you as well. Helen: That's a really important message. Yes, I agree with you there, Paul, is making sure that you're okay, give yourself a bit of space and processing time and trying to make it so that you don't have to dash straight off to pick up the kids or go back to work immediately, trying to arrange it so that you've got a little bit of breathing space to just make sure you're okay, maybe make a note of important things that you want to think about later, but not immediately dashing off to do something that requires all your concentration. And I agree with you, it is tiring. You said at the beginning it's just having a chat and now you've talked about all the things that you actually do in a session. It's a tiring chat and tiring to talk about how it feels, tiring to think about different ways of doing things, tiring to challenge some of the assumptions that we make about things. Yes it is having a chat, but really can be quite tiring. Paul: And I think that the one thing that you said in there as well, you know, you talk about what would you recommend. Take a pen and paper. Because often you cannot remember. everything you put it in there. So, make notes if you need to. Your therapist will be making notes, so why can't you? And also, you know, I think about some of the tasks I was given in between my sessions, rather than calling it my homework, my tasks I was given in between sessions to, I suffered particularly with, staying awake at night thinking about conversations I was going to have with the person I was going to see the next day and it manifested itself I would actually make up the conversations with every single possible answer that I could have- and guess what- 99 times out of 100 I never even saw the person let alone had the conversation. So it was about even if I'm thinking in the middle of the night, you know, what I'm going to do, just write it down, get rid of it, you know, and I guess that's, you know, coming back again, Helen to put in the, the ball in your court and saying, well, what, what techniques are there for people? Helen: Well, one of the things that you're saying there about keeping a note and writing things down can be very useful, partly to make sure that we don't forget things, but also so that it isn't going round and round in your head. The, and because it's very individual, there may be a combination of things like step by step facing something that makes you anxious, step by step changing what you're doing to improve your mood. So perhaps testing out what it's like to do something that you perhaps think you're not going to enjoy, but to see whether it actually gives you some sense of satisfaction or gives you some positive feedback, testing out whether a different way of doing something works better. So there's a combination of understanding what's going on, testing out different ways of doing things, making plans to balance what things you're doing. Sometimes there may be things about resting better. So you said about getting a better night's sleep and a lot of people will feel that they could manage everything a bit better if they slept better. So that can be important. Testing out different ways of approaching things, asking is that reasonable to say that to myself? Sometimes people are thinking quite harsh things about themselves or thinking that they can't change things. But with that approach of, well, let's see, if we test something out different and see if that works. So there's a combination of different things that the therapist might do but it should always be very much the, you're a team, you're working together, your therapist is right there alongside you. Even when you've agreed you're going to do something between sessions, it's that the therapist has agreed this with you. You've thought about what might happen if you do this and how you're going to handle it. And as you've said, sometimes it's a surprise that it goes much better than we thought it was going to. So, so we're testing our predictions and sometimes it's a surprise. It's almost like being a scientist. You're doing experiments, you're testing things out, you're seeing what happens if you do this. And the therapist will have some ideas about the kind of things that will work. but you're the one doing, doing the actual doing of it. Paul: And little things like, you know, I, I remember, I was taught a lovely technique and it's called the 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, technique about when you're anxious. And it's about, I guess it's about grounding yourself in the here and now and not, trying to worry about what you're anxious about so you try and get back into what is there now. Can you just explain that? I mean, I know I know I'm really fortunate. I practice it so much. I probably call it the 2-1 So could you just explain how what that is in a more eloquent way than myself? Helen: I think you explained that really well, Paul, but what we're talking about is doing things that help you manage anxiety when it's starting to get in the way and bringing yourself back to in the here and now. And for example, it might be, can I describe things that I can see around me? Can I see five things that are green? Can I feel my feet on the floor? Tell whether it's windy and all of those things will help to make me aware of being in the here and now and that the anxiety is a feeling, but I don't have to be carried away by it. Paul: And there's another lovely one that, I, you know, when people are worrying about things and, it's basically about putting something in a box and only giving yourself a certain time during the day to worry about those things when you open the box and often when you've got that time to yourself. So give yourself a specific time where you, you know, are not worrying about the kids or in going to sport or doing whatever. So you've got yourself half an hour and that's your worry time in essence. And, you know, I use it on my phone and it's like, well, what am I worrying about? I'll put that in my worry box and then I'll only allow myself to look at that between seven and half past tonight. And by the time I've got there, I'll be done. I'm not worrying about the five things. I might be worrying slightly about one of them, but that's more manageable. And then I can deal with that. So what's the thought behind? I guess I've explained it, but what, what's the psychological thought behind that? And, and who would have devised that? I mean, who are these people who have devised CBT in the past? Because we haven't even explored that yet. Helen: Well, so firstly, the, the worry box idea, Paul, is it's a really clever psychological technique is that we can tell ourselves that we're going to worry about this properly later. Right now, we're busy doing something else, but we've made an appointment with ourselves where we can worry properly about it. And like you've said, if we reassure ourselves that actually, we are, we're going to deal with what's going on through our mind. It reassures our mind and allows it not to run away with us. And then when we do come to it, we can check, well, how much of a problem is this really? And if it's not really much of a problem, it's easier to let it go. And if it really is a problem, we've made space to actually think about, well, what can I do about it then? so that technique and so many of the other techniques that are part of Cognitive and Behavioural psychotherapies have been developed in two directions, I suppose. In one direction, it's about working with real people and seeing what happens to them, and checking what works, and then looking at lots of other people and seeing whether those sorts of things work. So, we would call that practice based evidence. So, it's from doing the actual work of working with people. From the other direction, then, there is more laboratory kind of science about understanding as much as we can about how people behave and why we do what we do, and then if that is the case, then this particular technique ought to work. Let's ask people if they're willing to test it out and see whether it works, and if it works, we can include that in our toolkit. Either way, CBT is developed from trying to work out what it is that works and doing that. So, so that's why we think that evidence is important, why it's important to be scientific about it as far as we can, even though it's also really, really important that we're working with human beings here. We're working with people and never losing sight of. That connection and collaboration and working together. So although we don't often use the word art and science, it is very much that combination Paul: And I guess that's where the measures and outcomes, you know, come into the science part and the evidence base. So, so for me, it's about just a question of if I wanted to read up on the history of CBT, which actually I have done a little. Who are the people who have probably started it and made the most influence in the last 50 years, because BABCP is 50 years old now, so I guess we're going back before that to the start of CBT maybe, but who's been influential in that last 50 years as well? Helen: Well, there are so many really incredible researchers and therapists, it's very hard to name just a few. One of the most influential though would be Professor Aaron T. Beck, who was one of the first people to really look into the way that people think has a big impact on how they feel. And so challenging, testing out whether those thoughts make sense and experimenting with doing things differently, very much influenced by his work and, and he's very, very well known in our field, from, The Behavioural side, there've been some laboratory experiments with animals a hundred years ago. And I must admit nowadays, I'm not sure that we would regard it as very ethical. Understanding from people-there was somebody called BF Skinner, who very much helped us to understand that we do things because we get a reward from them and we stop doing things because we don't or because they feel, they make us feel worse. But that's a long time ago now. And more recently in the field, we have many researchers all over the world, a combination of people in the States, in the UK, but also in the wider global network. There's some incredible work being done in Japan, in India, you name it. There's some incredible work going on in CBT and it all adds to how can we help people better with their mental health? Paul: and I think that for me as the patient and, and being part of the BABCP family, as I like to, to think I'm part of now, I've been very honoured to meet some very learned people who are members of the BABCP. And it, it astounds me that, you know, when I talk to them, although it shouldn't, they're just the most amazing people and I'm very lucky that I've got a couple of signed books as well from people that I take around, when I do my TV extra work. And one of them is a fascinating book by Helen Macdonald, believe it or not on long term conditions that, that I thoroughly recommend people, read, and another one and another area that I don't think we've touched on that. I was honoured to speak with is, a guy called, Professor Glenn Waller, who writes about eating disorders. So eating disorders. It's one of those things that people maybe don't think about when they think of CBT, but certainly Glenn Waller has been very informative in that. And how, how do you feel about the work in that area? And, and how important that may be. I know we'll probably go on in a bit about how people can access, CBT and, you know, and NHS and private, but I think for me is the certain things that maybe we need to bring into the CBT family in NHS services and eating disorders for me would be one is, you know, what are your thoughts about those areas and other areas that you'd like to see brought into more primary care? Helen: Again, thank you for bringing that up, Paul. And very much so eating disorders are important. and CBT has a really good evidence base there and eating disorders is a really good example of where somebody working in CBT in combination with a team of other professionals, can be particularly helpful. So perhaps working with occupational therapists, social workers, doctors, for example. And you mentioned our book about persistent pain, which is another example of working together with a team. So we wrote that book together with a doctor and with a physiotherapist. Paul: Yeah, yeah. Helen: And so sometimes depending on what the difficulties are, working together as a team of professionals is the best way forward. There are other areas which I haven't mentioned for example people with personality issues which again can be seen as quite severe but there is help available and at the moment there is more training available for people to be able to become therapists to help with those issues. And whether it's in primary care in the NHS or in secondary care or in hospital services, there are CBT therapists more available than they used to be and this is developing all the time. And I did notice just then, Paul, that you said about, whether you access CBT on the NHS and, and you received CBT through the NHS, but there are other ways of accessing CBT. Paul: That was going to be my very next question is how do we as patients feel, happy that the therapist we are seeing is professionally trained, has got a, a good background and for want of a phrase that I'm going to pinch off, do what it says on the tin. But do what it says on the tin because I, I am aware that CBT therapists aren't protected by title. So unfortunately, there are people who, could advertise as CBT therapist when they haven't had specific training or they don't have continual development. So, The NHS, if you're accessing through the NHS, through NHS Talking Therapies or anything, they will be accredited. So, you know, you can do that online, you can do it via your GP. More so for the protection of the public and the making sure that the public are happy. What have the BABCP done to ensure that the psychotherapists that they have within them do what they say it does on the tin. Helen: yes, that's a number of very important points you're making there, Paul. And first point, do check that your therapist is qualified. You mentioned accredited. So a CBT psychotherapist will, or should be, Accredited which means that they can be on the CBT Register UK and Ireland. That's a register which is recognised by the Professional Standards Authority, which is the nearest you can get to being on a register like doctors and nurses. But at the moment, anyone can actually call themselves a psychotherapist. So it's important to check our register at BABCP. We have CBT therapists, but we have other people who use Cognitive and Behavioural therapies. Some of those people are called Wellbeing Practitioners that are probably most well known in England. We also have people who are called Evidence Based Parent Trainers who work with the parents of children and on that register, everybody has met the qualifications, the professional development, they're having supervision, and they have to show that they work in a professional and ethical way and that covers the whole of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England. So do check that your therapist is on that Register and feel free to ask your therapist any other questions about specialist areas. For example, if they have qualifications to work particularly with children, particularly with eating disorders, or particularly from, with people from different backgrounds. Do feel free to ask and a good therapist will always be happy to answer those questions and provide you with any evidence that you need to feel comfortable you're working with the right person. Paul: that's the key, isn't it? Because if it's your hard-earned money, you want to make sure that you've got the right person. And for me, I would say if they're not prepared to answer the question, look on that register and find somebody who will, because there's many fantastic therapists out there. Helen: And what we'll do is make sure that all of those links, any information about us that we've spoken in this episode will be linked to on our show page. Paul, we're just about out of time. So, what would you say are the absolute key messages that you want our listeners to take away from this episode? What the most important messages, Paul: If you're struggling, don't wait. If you're struggling, please don't wait. Don't wait until you think that you're at the end of your tether for want of a better phrase, you know, nip it in the bud if you can at the start, but even if you are further down the line, please just reach out. And like you say, Helen, there's, there's various ways you can reach out. You can reach out via the NHS. You can reach out privately. I think we could probably talk for another hour or two about a CBT from my perspective and, and how much it's, it has meant to me. But also what I will say is I wish I'd have known now what, or should I say I wish I knew then what I knew now about being able to, to, to open myself up, more than, you know, telling someone and protecting them as well, because there was stuff that I had to re-enter therapy in 2021. And it took me till then to tell my therapist something because I was like disgusted with myself for having seen and heard it so much. But actually, it was really important in my continual development, but yeah, don't wait, just, just, you know, reach out and understand that you will have to work hard yourself, but it is worth it at the end. If you want to run a marathon. You're not going to run a marathon by just doing the training sessions when you see your PT once a week. And you are going to get cramp, and you are going to get muscle sores, and you are going to get hard work in between. But when you complete that marathon, or even a half marathon, or even 5k, or even 100 meters, it's really worth it. Helen: Paul, thank you so much for joining us today. We're really grateful for you speaking with me and it's wonderful to hear all your experiences and for you to share that, to encourage people to seek help if they need it and what might work. Thank you. Paul: Pleasure. Thanks Helen.
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Let's Talk About CBT is a podcast about cognitive behavioural therapy: what it is, what it's not and how it can be useful. Listen to experts in the field and people who have experienced CBT for themselves.  A mix of interviews, myth-busting and CBT jargon explained, this accessible podcast is brought to you by the British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies. www.babcp.com
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