Let's Learn Everything!

Where are we in the universe? And what can we learn from all the hilariously wrong guesses and bad maps that got us there? And just how much carrot propaganda was there? Well, we'll see a lot of posters and a few myths to debunk!Images we Talk About:Dunn's Earth & Moon MapsHerschel's Milky Way MapWright's Island Universes DrawingThe Image of M31 from 1919First Full Image of EarthThe World Carrot MuseumCarrot Poster 1Carrot Poster 2Disney Carrot CharactersDr CarrotTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:04:44) Where are We?(00:45:11) Carrot Propaganda(01:24:04) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: we’re allowed to make up topics I guess, Samuel Dunn’s map of the Earth and moon, subtle thematic forshadowing, galactocentrism, the awkward teenage years of science, every human could see the milky way, the backbone of night, the milky origins of galaxy, Herschel’s heliocentric drawing of the milky way, Cosmic Pride, the zone of avoidance, island universes is multiverses for the middle ages, the great or not so great debate, can you debate something more interesting like moo deng, M31 the little cloud, the person whose telescope proceeds him: Edwin Hubble, “here is the letter that has destroyed my universe”, years of fighting over terminology, the World Carrot Museum, the moment this turned from a distraction into a topic, we do actually need vitamin A for night vision and eye health, you can only get vitamin A from meat… and vegetables… and fruits, the blackouts in WWII, carrots to help drivers be safer in the dark, incredible  podcasts - they help you see in the blackout, Cat Eyes Cunningham, no official document shows intentionally hiding radar with carrot vision, the myth happened organically, “the war could be won on the kitchen front”, Walt Disney designed carrot mascots, if you don’t think food is political I have some posters to show you.Sources:Yale History of the Center of the UniverseLibrary of Congress: History of Discovering the Milky WayNASA Archive of The Great DebateHoskin's Amazing "The Great Debate: What Really Happened"Astronomy of Today Book with the Image of the M31 "Nebula"Hubble: The Realm of the NebulaeESA Bio on Edwin HubbleNYTimes Hubble BioScience Friday Article about Henrietta LeavittKragh's Fantastic "Nebulae or Galaxies? The history of a change in astronomical terminology---NHS: Macular HealthAmerican Academy of Opthamology on Vitamin DeficiencyAmerican Optometric Society on Vitamin A Eye HealthHealthline: Are Carrots Good for Your Eyes?Smithsonian Magazine: A WWII Propaganda Campaign Popularized the Myth That Carrots Help You See in the DarkWeb Archive: World Carrot MuseumNYT 1940: London Urges Carrot Diet For 'Blackout Blindness'NYT 1942: Blackout Hints -- From a Blackout VeteranNYT 1942: Disney FamilyBBC: How 'Cat's Eyes' helped change the worldBritannica: One Good Fact

It's everyone's favorite holiday: the day we ask you to submit your Q&A questions!!Go to www.LetsLearnEverything.com/questions and submit your questions about truly anything at all from the science to the serious to the silly!

Why do leaves change color? No... like really?  Like, show-me-the-scientific-literature-really? After all how mysterious could the answer be? And holy frick we're finally doing a topic on swearing!! What are the eras of swearing, and what is swearing actually good for? Listen to our episode of Escape this Podcast: Oceananigans pt. 3 - The Bering-toss StraitImages we Talk About:Carotenemia HandsTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:03:34) Autumn Leaves(00:53:04) Swearing(01:42:57) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!Congrats to Kelly & Zach on the book prize! We should write a book, chilli peppers are spicy cause mammals digest them before pooping them out, magnesium makes leaves green, it’s worth it to drop leaves because when they do work they’re so efficient, man trees are interesting, carotenemia, “yeah so if you want an unnecessary amount of detail…”, Caroline has an answer for all our questions, anthocyanins, red leaves could be aposematic, finding one explanation for a color doesn’t mean we know for sure, Tom calls the climate change turn, warmer weather keeps leaves greener in autumn (good) but there’s less sunlight to use it (bad), animals use autumn leaf colors to help with migration, wont someone think of the leaf peepers, I don’t know/we don’t know, this might be too much swearing - thats a threat and a promise, the versatility of fuck, “fuck is good”, may all your teeth fall out except one to give you a toothache, Ella read a book for this of all topics, “hmm… fuck cunt shit…”, determining a historic swear is like jazz - it’s the swear words you don’t see, stop trying to make clit a thing, Ella was totally right to put a swear warning at the top, the nuance of gender roles in ancient rome, Fuck has a beautiful equality to it, shitepokes and windfuckers, cunt used to be just a regular word for vulva, medieval ages didn’t care about shit… literally, the journey of swearing makes dull history exciting, UK US Australia swearing differences, if Ella’s dad saind cunt that’s naughty - if Tom’s dad said it they’d need to have a conversation, our swearing histories, why do we keep swearing? swearing has social benefits, swearing is intimate! swearing for emphasis and believability, we swear without thinking and yet it’s so socially complex, swearing activates different parts of the brain, the “fuck” region of our brain and the fuck region of our brain are closer than we thought, screaming neutral words as a control, swearing is why Ella is the strongest host, we still don’t know Why swearing is so powerful for us, tell us your favorite swears! review corner breaks the fourth wall.Sources:Cleaveland Clinic : Can Eating Too Many Carrots Turn Your Skin Orange?Harvard Forest: The Process of Leaf Color ChangeUSDA: Science of Fall ColorsHarvard Forest: The Biological Significance of Leaf Color Change2022 Paper: The phenomenon of red and yellow autumn leaves: Hypotheses, agreements and disagreements2004 Paper: Plant coloration undermines herbivorous insect camouflageScience Direct: Plant coloration undermines herbivorous insect camouflage2004 Paper: Nature's Swiss Army Knife: The Diverse Protective Roles of Anthocyanins in Leaves2012: Simulated herbivory advances autumn phenology in Acer rubrum2002 Paper: Foliage color contrasts and adaptive fruit color variation in a bird-dispersed plant communityCID: How Climate Change Impacts Leaf PigmentsImage: Heam VS Chlorophyll---Yiddish CurseSwearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oaths and Profanity in English - Geoffrey HughesHoly Shit by Mellisa MohrStapleton et al “The power of swearing: What we know and what we don’t”Study: Swearing as a HypoalgesicStudy: Swearing Makes you Stronger

Internet linguist Gretchen McCulloch of Lingthusiasm joins us to casually answer all of our pressing linguistics questions with the most mind blowing facts.  Why does science use so much dang latin, and what is so unique about internet linguistics?Images we Talk About:Gretchen's Favorite FrogsTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:10:58) Latin in Science(00:54:49) Misc & Internet Linguistics(01:22:46) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: Words that change the state of the universe, a promise is a kind of magic, “people ask me how i make a living doing linguistics and it’s very simple actually” just make podcast wagers, the language of space, space pidgin language, “that’s a great hypothesis and it’s actually hte opposite of that” sometimes the answer is imperialism! English is being used in science now how Latin was back then, the vulgate bible was latin to reach more people even the “vulgar”, you’re cousins a scribe learning latin - what are you doing a podcast? “Writing is a Technology”, writings only been invented like 4 times, writing originated as reciepts and lists, the A is an upside down ox, why invent a new letter when that means having to change the printing press - just double letter! you access computing through programming and programming is linked to language, we don’t know whether the first language was spoken or signed, french linguists once banned the discussion of the origin of language bcause it was deemed “fruitless”, it’s wild we could retrofit our brains to read and write at all, changing, linguistically accurate sesame street, “Who would know aught of art must learn, act, and then take his ease”,  Ella you have goregous tripthongs, nice try Gretchen but our 69th episode was a few back, the Mini frogs, isn’t a linguistic podcast niche? you’re saying that to me in a language, Gretchen loses her words and makes perfect sense, Gretchen went back in time to give herself this mystery book, you don’t have to be the version of yourself you imagined when you were twelve, Linguistics loves undergrad researchers to explain the youths, there’s always new linguistics to study, the kids are changing language- and that’s so fascinating, linguists and polyglots are related but not the same, what makes internet language Uniquely internety, is it really internet lingo or just AAE, the internet made people write a lot more than they used to, informal and unmediated writing is uniquely internet linguistics, people have wanted a sarcasm punctuation since at least 1575, emoji are a form of gesture, postcards were sometimes numbered like twitter threads, Gretchen did Sooo much research into the literature of sarcasm, the potential for misunderstanding is the point of sarcasm, “sarcasm is this linguistic trustfall”, pushing the boundaries of what a language can be, Solresol the musical conlang, language is everything - rainbows are language, whitespace programming language,